You searched for "examination"

2903 results found

A brief history of colour vision

Andrew Want takes a look at how colour vision has evolved in humans and animals and how it differs across species. Colour vision is something that we often take for granted, but it has become so intrinsic to the way...

The Eye: A Very Short Introduction

I am a big fan of the ‘Very Short Introductions’ series and find them a great way to gain a basic understanding of several topics, ranging from science to philosophy. The Eye: A Very Short Introduction is no exception. It...

Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

Watch your back: Ergonomics and Ophthalmology

Aadil Hussain discusses an ophthalmologist’s risk of musculoskeletal injury and highlights the importance of ergonomics education, to ensure a pain-free career. Chronic and disabling musculoskeletal injury has been identified in the field of ophthalmology with increasing prevalence. The ophthalmologist is...

The challenge of chorioretinal folds in virtual eye clinics

Chorioretinal or choroidal folds are parallel striations involving the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, and inner choroid [1]. They can arise from compressive stress on these layers, and their presence often serves as a diagnostic marker for underlying...

Lothian Optometry Teach and Treat Clinic

The Lothian Optometry Teach and Treat (LOTT) Clinic is a supervised training clinic for community optometrists with an interest in managing patients with acute eye pathology, normally managed in the hospital setting. LOTT, which is the first clinic of its...

My top five Apps for UK-based general ophthalmologists

The way we interact in society is changing as more of us are becoming ‘digital natives’: individuals who are in close contact to the internet and expect to integrate smart devices with our daily lives. This was stereotypically a term...

My Top Five: Apps for UK-based general ophthalmologists

The way we interact in society is changing as more of us are becoming ‘digital natives’: individuals who are in close contact to the internet and expect to integrate smart devices with our daily lives. This was stereotypically a term...

The role of spectral-domain OCT RNFL in revealing a pituitary adenoma with atypical visual fields

Pituitary adenomas classically cause bitemporal hemianopia by compressing the optic chiasm. However, in some cases, the pattern of visual field loss may be atypical and mimic homonymous hemianopia, depending on the direction and extent of tumour expansion. Spectral-domain optical coherence...

My Top Five: Key insights from recent research into uveitis in adults

Uveitis, characterised by inflammation of the uvea – the eye’s middle layer comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid – remains a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide [1]. It primarily affects adults aged 20–50 years. Untreated uveitis may cause...

Effective contrast ratio as a measure of binocular visual perception

The authors used a binocular phase combination paradigm to quantitatively evaluate and compare the binocular visual perception of normal individuals and patients with different types of strabismus to understand the binocular visual perception of patients with strabismus and evaluate whether...

Applying for ophthalmology ST1 in 2026: What’s new?

Competition for ophthalmology ST1 has intensified steadily over recent cycles, rising from ~9:1 (2022) to ~10:1 (2023), ~14:1 (2024) and ~22:1 (2025) [1]. Against this background, applicants benefit from a structured approach: mapping achievements to portfolio domains early, identifying gaps...