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Neurofibromatosis type 2 – diagnosis, features and MDT approach

1 December 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Cataract and Refractive
NF2 is a genetic condition caused by mutation in a single gene (NF2 gene) on chromosome 22. The NF2 gene provides instructions to produce a protein called merlin, also known as schwannomin. This protein functions as a tumour suppressor, preventing...

Ocular electrophysiology

1 April 2014 | | Oculoplastics, Orbit
A 34-year-old woman, who is a CEO in a multinational firm, has been losing vision over the last 12 months. She has seen her opticians, who initially tried different glasses but could not improve things. Clinical examination is unremarkable. How...

Dec/Jan 2016 Quiz

1 December 2015 | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
History A 40-year-old swimming instructor undergoes an enucleation for a blind painful eye. There is a history of soft contact lens wear. She has had a corneal abscess and corneal graft procedures in the past. Questions 1. What does this...

Take this waltz

1 June 2016 | | Oculoplastics, Orbit
My last weekend on-call was the busiest I can remember for a very long time. We were just completely swamped with patients. The weather was not too good that Saturday and it felt like every second inhabitant of our ocean...

Upper eyelid ulceration as a presenting sign of frontal sinus mucocele

3 October 2022 | | Ophthalmology
Introduction A sinus mucocele is an epithelium-lined sac filled with mucus and desquamated epithelium. It forms secondary to inflammatory processes that occur in a sinus with an obstructed ostium. Predisposing conditions include previous trauma, surgery, tumours, anatomical abnormalities, and chronic...

Implications of missed foreign bodies under the upper eyelid

9 August 2023 | | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Emergency Ophthalmology, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
Children aren’t the best historians. As a result, clinicians sometimes rely on the accounts of parents regarding problems. Missed foreign bodies due to poor histories or incomplete examinations may result in irreversible loss of vision. This case report shines light...

The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of DMO

1 February 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a major cause of visual loss in diabetes, with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. In the UK alone it is estimated that there are nearly 2.5 million diabetic patients aged over 12 years. Approximately 65,000 of...

Grading of ocular inflammation in uveitis: an overview

1 February 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Anterior uveitis is the commonest form of uveitis, which can lead to severe morbidity if not treated appropriately [1]. Data from general ophthalmology practices suggest around 90% of uveitis encountered by comprehensive ophthalmologists is anterior uveitis [2]. Intermediate (vitreous), posterior...

Supranuclear ocular motility disorders

1 June 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Emergency Ophthalmology
Figure 1: Bilateral INO Introduction Complex ocular motility disorders are a diagnostic challenge. These patients come with very complex ocular motility presentations and require a careful and detailed assessment in order to find the correct diagnosis and arrange appropriate investigations....

Jun/Jul 2017 Quiz

1 June 2017 | Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, AMD, Emergency Ophthalmology
History A 57-year-old female patient presented with gradual painless diplopia over the last six months. Examination revealed restricted upward eye movements and 4mm proptosis which did not increase with Valsalva manoeuvre. Intraocular pressure was normal, no visual defects were noted,...

Quiz Dec/Jan 2023

1 December 2022 | | Ophthalmology
History A 35-year-old female presented to the emergency eye clinic with an acutely red, painful, photophobic left eye. She was a contact lens-wearer but denied swimming, showering, or sleeping in her lenses. She resided on a farm and worked as...

Quiz Aug/Sep 2022

2 August 2022 | Ophthalmology
History A 58-year-old female patient was referred with a 2-year history, gradually enlarging, painless left upper lid lump. There was no bleeding or ulceration. She had no other eye symptoms and no other skin lesions. Her past medical history included:...