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Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Association between neurodegeneration and macular perfusion in the progression of diabetic retinopathy

9 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal | Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, Progression, Retinopathy, Vessel closure
In this prospective three-year longitudinal study, the authors aimed to explore the relation between retinal neurodegenerative changes and vessel closure (VC) in individuals with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The participants included 74 individuals with type 2 diabetes, NPDR, and Early...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Type 3 macular neovascularisation (MNV) due to age-related macular degeneration

3 October 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This paper systematically reviews and summarises the current knowledge on type 3 neovascularisation due to age-related macular degeneration which is defined as neovascularisation originating from the retinal deep capillary plexus that grows towards the outer retina often penetrating the level...

Risks of advanced ROP development in unscreened babies

1 April 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
The authors report a retrospective study of the prevalence of infants with stage 4b and 5 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were never screened and the importance of screening guidelines. The study was conducted in a tertiary eye hospital in...

Building Capacity for Children’s Eye Care in Africa: the VISION 2020 LINKS Programme

1 December 2013 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - General
This article follows the Correspondent News articles in the previous five print issues of Eye News [1-5] on the VISION 2020 LINKS Programme [6]. This article describes how African and UK eye care teams are working together to tackle childhood...

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Oculoplastic
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Managing a patient with ptosis

1 August 2015 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Orbit
A 50-year-old male patient is referred from the Accident & Emergency department with a history of ptosis. How will you manage this patient? Mr Bertie Fernando Clinical management Clinical management starts with a sound clinical history. Current history The history...

Are we short-sighted about myopia?

1 December 2017 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Worldwide prevalence of myopia has increased rapidly in recent years and has now reached epidemic levels, particularly in South-East Asia where prevalence is around 80% [1-4]. Myopia prevalence is also increasing in the United States and Europe where it is...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 October 2017 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Part 3: Clinical features, assessment and management (see also Part 2, and Part 1) As previously mentioned in this treatise [1] pituitary tumours are common, occur in all age groups and can present with anything from minimal visual symptoms to...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 August 2017 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Part 2: Clinical varieties, anatomical considerations and case report (see also Part 1 and Part 3) For ophthalmologists there are four types of pituitary tumour to be considered, three of which are named according to the hormone secreted, along with...

My top five: Influential ophthalmologists

4 October 2023 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology has witnessed remarkable evolution and advancements throughout history. The field has undergone dramatic change and development since the times of Ancient Egypt where the first reference to eyes was made in the Code of Hammurabi (2250 BC) [1]. From...

Evolving towards an interventional glaucoma mindset

2 February 2024 | | EYE - Glaucoma
Traditionally, a newly diagnosed glaucoma patient would be treated first with medical therapy. As the disease progressed or the initial intervention failed to adequately control intraocular pressure (IOP), clinicians would add more drops, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), repeated SLT and...

My Top Five: Influential ophthalmologists

4 October 2023 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology has witnessed remarkable evolution and advancements throughout history. The field has undergone dramatic change and development since the times of Ancient Egypt where the first reference to eyes was made in the Code of Hammurabi (2250 BC) [1]. From...