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Light in darkness – manual small incision cataract surgery in India

Cataract has been documented to be the most significant cause of bilateral blindness in India, where vision <20/200 in the better eye on presentation is defined as blindness [1,2]. Estimation of blindness in India by the World Health Organization (WHO)...

Principles of contact lens fitting in keratoconus

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition of the cornea characterised by progressive conical distortion with irregular astigmatism, myopia and apical protrusion. Most cases progress slowly resulting in varying degrees of myopic astigmatism. Management of keratoconus includes spectacles, soft contact lenses, a...

Letter from America: Orbit and oculoplastic fellowship, University of California, San Diego

I was the fortunate recipient of the 2012 Keeler Scholarship, granting me the incredible opportunity to undertake a fellowship at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in orbital, oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery. My fellowship mentors were the renowned Professor...

Insects, swelling and sight loss: a case of orbital inflammatory syndrome

Despite being the most common cause of painful orbital mass in adults and the third most common orbital disease, orbital inflammatory syndrome still proves to be a difficult ocular condition to diagnose, treat, and manage. A 41-year-old lady presented to...

Eyes on Rwanda: Lessons from an international ophthalmology experience

On the 26 February 2025, I travelled to Rwanda on the invitation of a former Belfast trainee, Michael Mikhail. Michael is now one of only two vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons in Rwanda, a country with a population of 14 million. Born...

Transferring imaging from primary to secondary care (part 1)

Transferring clinical imaging from high street optometrists to secondary care is an increasingly requested option, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A wide variety of solutions exist to allow this, each with their own merits and shortcomings. For...

Artificial intelligence and oculomics: Improving global health

The application of artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular deep learning, to high-resolution ocular imaging has led to many new discoveries, enabling the prediction of multiple different systemic diseases from ocular biomarkers. This emerging field is known as ‘oculomics’ [1]....

Strabismus in thyroid eye disease

Pathogenesis Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an auto-immune condition, in the initial phase there is lymphocytic infiltration and oedema of the extraocular muscles with deposition of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid and adipogenesis, which can lead to an increase in the...

What's trending Aug/Sep 2018

A round-up of the eye related hot topics that have been trending on social media over the last few weeks. #QueenElizabeth #cataract It is well and truly summer! Queen Elizabeth was spotted in her sunnies during recent events, not just...

Embryology in clinical practice

The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

The embryology of the eye

Nobody claims to like embryology. At least nobody I know. It has been a neglected part of the curriculum since time immemorial and a vicious cycle occurs in which those with an incomplete understanding fail to appreciate the inherent beauty...

My Top Five: Debunking common myths in ophthalmology and vision care

In the field of eye health, numerous misconceptions persist. Let’s examine five prevalent myths and uncover the truth behind them. Myth 1: Wearing glasses weakens your eyesight Origin: This myth likely originated from the observation that people often need stronger...