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Diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum interleukin-6 in patients with uveitis

This is a retrospective observational case series investigating the diagnostic and prognostic role of serum interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with uveitis involving 80 patients – 60 patients (75%) with normal IL-6 levels and 20 patients (25%) with high IL-6 levels....

Jun/Jul 2017 Quiz

History A 57-year-old female patient presented with gradual painless diplopia over the last six months. Examination revealed restricted upward eye movements and 4mm proptosis which did not increase with Valsalva manoeuvre. Intraocular pressure was normal, no visual defects were noted,...

Orbital airgun pellet injuries: A paediatric case pair

Airgun injuries to the eye and orbit can be visually devastating. The pellet need not impact the globe directly to cause visual loss, as the cone shaped orbit may funnel the projectile into the orbital apex and optic nerve. We...

Unexpected diagnoses – stroke in children and homonymous hemianopia

We present the case of a 12-year-old child presenting with a few days history of left-sided visual loss. Upon further investigation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) she was unexpectedly diagnosed with a right-sided chronic posterior cerebral arterial territory infarct, causing...

Corneal confocal microscopy: A window into peripheral nerve health

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is an advanced, non-invasive imaging technique that has...

Paediatric optic disc anomalies

Anomalies of the optic nerve are relatively rare, but account for a significant proportion of sight impairment in children and adults. The recognition of these anomalies by eye health professionals is important not only due to their potential impact on...

ESASO Course Series Vol. 4 Optical Coherence Tomography

This book, which is the latest volume from the European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology (ESASO) course series, is a revelation and joy to review. This compact volume provides an introduction and an update to the most recent technological...

Neurotrophic keratitis

The authors present an overview of the aetiology, diagnosis, current and future management options of neurotrophic keratitis. This is a degenerative corneal disease that occurs following the compromise of trigeminal innervation, leading to hypoesthesia and / or anaesthesia. The aetiology...

Amblyopia treatment review

This review paper summarises the main causes and neural mechanisms that characterise amblyopia. The authors analysed neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and electrophysiological studies in the literature to better understand actual treatment regimens and evaluate new therapeutic possibilities. They considered causes of strabismus,...

The power of the full blood count

Vishal Shah walks us through his thought process whilst highlighting the importance of routine investigations when dealing with unusual retinovascular presentations. Retinal changes can arise in anaemia, leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndrome. They are often the first manifestation of...

Ocular electrophysiology

A 34-year-old woman, who is a CEO in a multinational firm, has been losing vision over the last 12 months. She has seen her opticians, who initially tried different glasses but could not improve things. Clinical examination is unremarkable. How...

Assessing everyday visual function in dry AMD – what matters to the person?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in the developed world and is accountable for more than one half of sight impairment registrations within England and Wales [1]. AMD is prevalent in people aged 60 years and...