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The assessment of pupils and 
pupillary reactions

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...

SOS (Simplified Ophthalmic Statistics) Part 3: Which statistical test should I use (if any)?

4 December 2018 | | EYE - General
P<0.05 is a statement that brings joy to many researchers. Arguably this is because inclusion of such a statement may increase the chance of acceptance for publication. Whilst statisticians and non-statisticians are united in trying to change this culture, cultural...

Retinoblastoma management update (part 2): treatment, screening and surveillance, long-term follow-up and new developments

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Oncology
Retinoblastoma treatment requires significant multidisciplinary input, but early detection through raising awareness remains key to improving outcomes. In the second article of a two-part series, Manoj Parulekar discusses retinoblastoma management, screening and research. This article has been published in two...

The role of injection assistant devices in establishing a nurse-led AMD service

1 April 2018 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The author shares his experience of setting up a nurse-led service to deliver anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and how injection assistant devices supported training. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become a leading cause of irreversible blindness [1]. It is estimated that...

Stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease: researching for an 
effective cure

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by the chronic and progressive loss of neurons, which in turn results in loss of cognitive and physical functions. The World Health Organization has estimated that the disability-adjusted life years lost from neurological disease was about...

A new observation point: updating the nomenclature and classification with OCT

3 June 2021 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The evolution of ophthalmic imaging technologies has been particularly rapid over the last few years. The author provides an update of the current terms for common signs and pathologies observed using optical coherence tomography. My experience as an ophthalmic technician,...

Stem cell transplantation and pterygium surgery

28 November 2022 | | EYE - General
Pterygium is a benign, fibrovascular overgrowth of bulbar conjunctiva extending onto the cornea and has been associated with ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The prevalence of pterygium worldwide varies between geographical zones but has been reported to range between three and...

Second sight: Ian McKinley

4 October 2023 | | EYE - General
I have always been captivated by a true-life story demonstrating the human spirit of triumph over adversity. For me, one of the most memorable sportsmen overcoming an injury has always been the mountaineer Joe Simpson and his tale of survival...

Charity work in Cambodia: Culture, cataracts, and cruelty

3 October 2024 | | EYE - General
Cambodia has one of the lowest numbers of eye specialist doctors per capita in the world, and Bita Manzouri takes us on a journey into the charitable work of the Khmer Sight Foundation who are working to combat this. “Ut...

The Preston Rule

27 July 2021 | | EYE - General
The selection, specification and fitting of a spectacle frame necessitates the recording of certain measurements particular to the frame. These measurements are also essential when it is required to manufacture a handmade spectacle frame. Instruments designed to accomplish this task...

Strabismus in thyroid eye disease

1 April 2017 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
Pathogenesis Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an auto-immune condition, in the initial phase there is lymphocytic infiltration and oedema of the extraocular muscles with deposition of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid and adipogenesis, which can lead to an increase in the...

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (part 2): primary angle closure

1 December 2016 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging
Patients with primary angle closure or primary angle closure glaucoma [PAC(G)] comprise a significant subgroup affecting around 10% of glaucoma patients amongst Caucasians. Assessment of the patient with angle closure, or narrow angles, requires gonioscopy. However, whilst identifying the presence...