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Importing iron to the retina

In the retina, iron is particularly critical for the visual phototransduction cascade. In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), RPE65 activity leads to 11-cis-retinaldehyde, the photosensitive component of rhodopsin production and iron containing enzymes are necessary for disc replacement in photoreceptor...

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) has been linked with various pathological conditions of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, tumours and brainstem inflammatory processes. This unusual case report describes a case of a 45-year-old female patient presenting with...

Statins inhibit TGFβ2 mediated fibrotic response in astrocytes

Glaucoma is a common condition where increased ocular pressure can lead to death of retinal ganglion cells due to impaired drainage of fluid from the eye. One mechanism involved in glaucoma is remodelling of the extracellular matrix at the lamina...

Cataract in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

The authors present a prospective comparative study in 43 patients with (group 1) or without (group 2) pseudoexfoliation (PXF) undergoing cataract surgery. Anterior capsule samples were obtained in all patients and analysed for signs of apoptosis by using special staining...

MicroRNA inhibits corneal neovascularisation

MicroRNAs (miR) are small non-coding RNA that target mRNA for destruction. MiR target about 30% of the protein coding genes and fine tune their expression. MiR have been shown to be involved in several cellular processes including cell cycle, tissue...

Enzymatic clearance of anterior chamber infiltrate in uveitis

Aqueous humour (AH) which fills the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye provides nutrients to the cornea and the lens. Clearance of cellular and particular matter from AH is necessary for good visual acuity. In part this is achieved by...

Retinal vessel diameter in pseudoexfoliation

Pseudoexfolation (PEX) is characterised by deposition of fibrillary extracellular material on ocular and extraocular tissue. Studies have shown that deposition in vascular structures cause hypoxia and ischaemia. In the eye, a decrease in blood supply to the optic nerve can...

Lagophthalmos as a potential complication of COVID-19

Lagophthalmos is a condition associated with the inability to close the eyelids effectively, with the main cause being facial nerve palsy. The authors aimed to investigate whether lagophthalmos was associated with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) by comparing patients diagnosed with lagophthalmos...

Impact of solar eclipses on vision

Solar retinopathy occurs as a result of mechanical and photochemical damage to the retina caused by exposure to excessive light. The authors presented the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography findings of five patients who looked at the solar eclipse...