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Bovine pericardium scleral patch graft associated scleritis: Ahmed valve implant for pupillary block glaucoma
Processed bovine pericardium is a lyophilised collagen sheet used as a surgical armamentarium. It renders the material antigenically inert with minimal inflammation [1]. Sclera patch pericardium graft (Tutopatch) is a collagenous membrane derived from solvent preserved, irradiated bovine pericardium [2]...Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 2)
Part 2: Clinical presentation and treatment (see part 1 here) Introduction IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is understood to have a vast clinicopathological spectrum; nearly every organ has had reported involvement. Similarly, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is known to affect nearly every...
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) has been linked with various pathological conditions of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, tumours and brainstem inflammatory processes. This unusual case report describes a case of a 45-year-old female patient presenting with...
Treatment of Sjogren’s Syndrome dry eye in mouse model
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the exocrine glands, specifically the salivary and lacrimal glands that produce saliva and tears, respectively. The immune-mediated attack on the salivary and lacrimal glands leads to the development...
Comparison of two visual acuity test versions for different distances in a paediatric population
The authors present the findings of a study which aimed to determine whether using 2 metre and 4 metre retro-illuminated ETDRS charts are comparable in children. Order of testing was standardised (right eye, left eye, binocular), however different charts were...Demyelinating optic neuropathy
Introduction Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory process affecting the optic nerve. After glaucoma, it is the most common optic neuropathy affecting patients under the age of 50. The usual presentation of typical ON is unilateral subacute loss of vision...
Rate and predisposing factors for post-vitrectomy cataract formation in children
This study was a retrospective analysis of post-vitrectomy cataract formation in the general paediatric population. The authors aimed to determine the number of phakic children needing cataract surgery after vitrectomy surgery and related perioperative factors. The study was a 10-year...Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 1)
Part 1: Epidemiology, classification, radiology, histopathology and associations (see Part 2 here) In this two-part series, Li Yen Goh reviews IgG4 disease and reminds us of diagnostic challenges faced. Introduction Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) disease is a recently recognised idiopathic systemic...
Mast cells in Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is a potentially sight-threatening ocular disease, occurring in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, GO is characterised by orbital infiltration by immune cells including macrophages, T cells and plasma cells, which...Oct/Nov 2018 Quiz
History A 37-year-old male was referred from the Emergency Eye Clinic with a swollen right upper eyelid. Symptom relieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The initial clinical diagnosis was dacryoadenitis. The patient presented again six weeks later with 3mm proptosis,...Headaches in ophthalmology (part 1)
Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...
