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Cavernous sinus syndrome

4 February 2021 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Anatomically the cavernous sinus is a plexus of multiple veins that are connected and within this plexus there are several important vascular and neurological structures. These include cranial nerves III, IV, V1 (and sometimes V2), VI as well as the...

Traumatic optic neuropathy

1 October 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
In neuro-ophthalmology we get asked a lot about management of patients who suffered significant trauma and presented with loss of vision secondary to presumed traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). TON happens usually in the context of significant craniofacial trauma. The incidence...

Birdshot chorioretinopathy: an important differential

1 April 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a relatively uncommon cause of posterior uveitis which often has a relapsing and remitting course [1,2]. We present a case which demonstrates how remission can be obtained for several years using cyclosporine. Case report A 44-year-old...

Effect of minor trauma in eyes with previously undiagnosed angioid streaks

1 April 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Angioid streaks (AS) may be associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), Paget’s disease, haemoglobulinopathies, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or abetalipoproteinaemia. Histopathology showed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris loss, elastic fibre degeneration, calcium deposition, active choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and vascular endothelial growth...

“Herr Doktor, I can’t see but I am driving”

1 February 2018 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
This 56-year-old lady was quite puzzling. With her own glasses and the pinhole she merely managed to see the 1.3 and 1.0 logMAR lines with her right and left eye, respectively (I am currently working in Germany again, so goodbye...

Do steroids prevent progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)?

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
There is continuing debate on the merits of pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) for severe pre-proliferative and proliferative DR versus the newer therapies that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This has been hotly debated [1] following the publication of findings from...

Les Misérables

1 October 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
I recently had the signal pleasure of undergoing Part 2 of the FRCOphth exit exam and could not help but wonder at how examiners could on the whole be easily categorised into certain subtypes which readers may find fascinating. This...

The results of the last survey Aug24

2 August 2024 | | EYE - Glaucoma
In the first case we were faced with a 55-year-old patient with narrow, potentially occludable drainage angles, no significant cataract, and persistently raised intraocular pressures (IOPs) of 28mmHg with early disc compromise, and normal vision in each eye. It is...

Ultra-widefield imaging in glaucoma: Documenting hypotony-related choroidal effusions after microshunt surgery

3 April 2026 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging
Ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging provides extended visualisation of the posterior segment beyond the traditional 30–50° field of view. It captures a broad view of the posterior pole and periphery in a single, quick, non-mydriatic acquisition. While its role in diabetic retinopathy...

Did you need a mulligan, laddie?!

4 August 2025 |
Scotland is the home of golf. Golfing parlance infiltrates all walks of life here, including eye hospitals. It seems that my personal opinion on my compatriot Rory McIlroy’s completion of the golfing career grand slam is much more important to...

A paradigm shift in the way we approach cataract surgery

1 February 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
Cataract surgery is the most common elective surgical procedure in the UK [1], with in the region of 350,000 cases being conducted each year. With an ageing population, this figure will only continue to rise over time. Cataract surgery is...

Therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency: cell fate after limbal stem cell transplants

1 October 2014 | | EYE - Cornea
“The beauty of scientific research lies in that the search for answers often yields yet more questions.” A large body of evidence points to the corneoscleral limbal location as the repository of putative epithelial stem cells [1]. Thoft proposed the...