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Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

White dot syndromes

It is fair to say that trainees and consultants who are not medical retina specialists are a bit scared of the so called retinal ‘white dot syndromes’. It is easy to understand why this is the case, as almost every...

Proning and the pandemic - ocular complications seen in critical care

Priyanka Sanghi and her co-authors explore the ocular complications seen in critical care units throughout the country as we treat patients through this challenging time. The SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed the NHS and critical care services under immense strain,...

Is it NAION… Now what?

Case presentation We present the case and discussion of a 46-year-old Caucasian male who complained of immediate reduced vision following complicated neck dissection including a total laryngopharyngectomy, free flap reconstruction for a T4N3 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the left...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

Streamlining cataract lists: how are you managing it?

Mr Jonathan Ross, in conversation with Ms Bita Manzouri, provides a personal perspective on challenges and opportunities shaping the future of cataract surgery services across the hospital eye service. Redesigning cataract pathways in response to COVID-19 Bita Manzouri: Over the...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

Orbital airgun pellet injuries: A paediatric case pair

Airgun injuries to the eye and orbit can be visually devastating. The pellet need not impact the globe directly to cause visual loss, as the cone shaped orbit may funnel the projectile into the orbital apex and optic nerve. We...

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated (3rd edition)

I have a slight hatred of neuro-ophthalmology. It seems bizarre and foreign to me and I know I’m not the only one who groans at getting a patient with diplopia or a non-specific headache. So I will always be pretty...

A standardised strategy for uveitis etiological diagnosis

This was a prospective, non-inferiority, multicentre randomised control trial, which aimed to assess the effectiveness of a standardised approach in the etiological diagnosis of uveitis versus an open strategy, where clinicians could perform any test. The authors developed their standardised...

Adolescent optic disc haemorrhages

The authors conducted this study to describe the clinical characteristics of multi-layered optic disc haemorrhages in adolescents. This was a retrospective review of 16 eyes (11 right and five left) of 16 patients with a mean age of 15 ±2.6...

Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy

Presentation A 46-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the eye clinic by her local optician following a routine sight test. She was noted to have pigmentary retinal changes in both eyes but was asymptomatic with no visual complaints. At presentation...