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Stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease: researching for an 
effective cure

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by the chronic and progressive loss of neurons, which in turn results in loss of cognitive and physical functions. The World Health Organization has estimated that the disability-adjusted life years lost from neurological disease was about...

Diagnosis and management of IV cranial nerve palsy

1 October 2017 | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Aetiology: Trochlear nerve palsy can be divided into acute or congenital. Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is usually noted in childhood with development of abnormal head posture. Various pathologies can lead to acute IV nerve palsy, most commonly trauma. Other causes...

Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)

2 August 2022 | | EYE - General
Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: a case study

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
A 44-year-old patient presents with binocular, mostly horizontal diplopia when fixating on moving objects. This has been ongoing for approximately five years. He is known to have multiple sclerosis and had an episode of optic neuritis six years prior in...

The results of the last survey Feb22

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
This edition’s survey took a slightly different tack and tried to look at the problems we face in litigation. Litigation is unpleasant. It is horrible being involved in it and the process of litigation can be extremely stressful. From the...

Disseminated cutaneous zoster – a masquerade

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Cornea
Reactivation of varicella zoster infection in the elderly commonly presents to ophthalmologists as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), affecting the Va trigeminal dermatome. In patients with impaired immunity, zoster infection occurs with increased severity and may be complicated by visceral and...

Macular imagery: observing the visual sensations pre- and post-Jetrea injections

25 September 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
A 63-year-old woman, a professional painter, was diagnosed with vitreomacular traction (VMT) in 2017. She had a history of metamorphopsia, drop in visual acuity (VA) in the left eye (6/6 in the RE; 6/18 in the LE), foveal vitreomacular traction...

A rare neonatal presentation of bilateral dacryocele and choanal atresia

27 October 2021 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - General
Following a routine pregnancy, a newly delivered baby boy, born at term, was found to have increased work of breathing, stridor and a left medial canthal swelling. The baby required 100% oxygen via a face mask to maintain oxygen saturations....

Virtual reality pupil assessment software

1 October 2021 | | EYE - General
For Oct/Nov 2021 we review a virtual reality (VR) solution for training and assessing pupil function. Different types of VR exist, and the application described here is used on the Oculus Quest or Pico headsets. The user wears a headset...

Randomisation, confounding & observational methods in ophthalmic epidemiology

1 June 2022 | | EYE - General
Randomisation and confounding Understanding the relationship between an exposure and an outcome of interest is the central challenge in ophthalmic epidemiology. The exposure may be aetiological, taking the form of a putative risk biological factor, or therapeutic, in the form...

Over one million estimated to have glaucoma in UK

5 February 2026 | glaucoma, research, patient stories
Over one million people are estimated to currently have glaucoma in the UK, a figure projected to reach more than 1.6 million by 2060, according to a study led by Moorfields and UCL researchers. The new figures, published in the...

Belfast briefing: Retina Day roundup from the RCOphth 2024 Annual Congress

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Belfast hosted this year’s Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ (RCOphth) Annual Congress, a meeting dedicated to sharing advances, knowledge and clinical practice points in ophthalmic care. This article summarises selected talks by medical and surgical retina specialists during the Retina Subspecialty...