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44 results found

It’s not always GCA

7 December 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an immune mediated granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects muscular middle or large sized arteries. It is considered as a continuation of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) when the severity of the disease has increased. It is the...

Forward-tilt technique for intraocular pressure measurement in upgaze

5 June 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Optometry, Glaucoma
The authors suggest a technique to improve the accuracy of measuring IOP in upgaze using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory condition affecting the orbit and periorbital tissues [1]. It was...

Lacrimal gland carcinoma

1 August 2016 | | Oculoplastics, Orbit
This is a major review of the management of lacrimal gland carcinoma, focusing mainly on adenoid cystic carcinoma. Relevant literature published in English since 1970 was included amounting to some 40 articles after filtering. Overall mortality for all lacrimal gland...

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 2)

3 April 2023 |
Part 2: Clinical presentation and treatment (see part 1 here) Introduction IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is understood to have a vast clinicopathological spectrum; nearly every organ has had reported involvement. Similarly, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is known to affect nearly every...

Sixth nerve palsy versus decompensating distance esophoria

1 August 2019 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Orthoptists see a wide range of conditions that can range from reduced binocular single vision (BSV) that may be solved with exercises, to more extreme neurogenic cases requiring further intervention. Because of this variety, it is important to be able...

Understanding spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): what do we know?

2 August 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics
Introduction Formerly known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), space-related neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is defined by a collection of ophthalmic and neurological findings in astronauts after long-term spaceflight [1]. Changes in the eyeball, such as hyperopic shift, during...

Brain tumours in adults: the essentials for an ophthalmologist

1 August 2019 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
The author provides a review of the common intracranial tumours in adults (other than pituitaries) which may present to an ophthalmologist. Primary malignant brain tumours comprise 3% of adult cancers but with an ageing population such tumours are becoming more...

My top five: Influential ophthalmologists

4 October 2023 | | Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology has witnessed remarkable evolution and advancements throughout history. The field has undergone dramatic change and development since the times of Ancient Egypt where the first reference to eyes was made in the Code of Hammurabi (2250 BC) [1]. From...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

1 December 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Genetics
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

The history of ophthalmology: John Argyll Robertson and Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson

1 June 2019 | | Ophthalmology
The author shares the story of an extraordinary father and son, two of the major figures in defining the specialty of ophthalmology as we know it today. The renowned Glasgow Surgeon Peter Lowe described ophthalmic surgery in his legendary surgical...

Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Learning from litigation: ocular drug toxicity

3 August 2023 | | Ophthalmology
Being the subject of litigation is stressful and upsetting. Having to look back over your previous decisions and justify the care you delivered in good faith can be difficult. Sadly, we all live with the sword of Damocles above us...