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Comparison of bupivacaine injection vs. mini-tenotomy for small angle deviations
Bupivacaine hydrochloride is an aminoacyltype local anaesthetic. Injection into extraocular muscles elicits a myotoxic response destroying striated muscle fibres but sparing satellite cells, nerves and vessels. Preserved satellite cells proliferate to form new muscle fibres, causing muscle hypertrophy and greater...
Anti-VEGF injections and macular atrophy progression in patients with nAMD in remission
This is a retrospective study of 59 eyes with neovascuar age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with at least 6-month remission, to determine the effect of continuing anti-VEGF injections on the progression of macular atrophy (MA) during remission of nAMD. Group 1...
An unusual case of partial oculomotor nerve palsy
The authors present an unusual case of intra-axial oculomotor nerve involvement due to midbrain infarction. The 65-year-old male patient presented with unilateral complete blepharoptosis and slight limitation of upgaze. Neurological examination revealed a complete ptosis of the left eyelid, slight...
Eye Diseases in Hot Climates (Fifth Edition)
This book focuses on diseases and associated issues causing visual impairment and blindness in the low socio-economically developed parts of the world. The majority of these are preventable and treatable. The earlier chapters cover basic anatomy and physiology, pharmacology and...
G-CSF intravitreal injections for NAION: a pilot study
In rodent models with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) confers a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory processes. This prospective study investigated the efficacy of intravitreal injection of G-CSF for the...Understanding and confronting bacterial endophthalmitis
Abdus Samad Ansari highlights the importance of early recognition of this condition using an unusual presentation. Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency with devastating consequences. Despite adequate treatment, severe cases frequently result in permanent blindness. Endophthalmitis involves inflammation of both the...
RPTP-σ increases pro-MMP activity in a trabecular meshwork cell line following oxidative stress conditions
This study aims to outline the role of phosphatases in the aqueous drainage system by overexpressing receptor tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTP-σ) in a human normal trabecular meshwork cell line and describing its effect on subtypes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and...The results of the last survey Jun25
The first question refers to whether we check blood glucose levels prior to cataract surgery. Almost three quarters of you do which was interesting. We know that poor glycaemic control (manifesting as a raised HbA1c) has implications for wound healing...Triamcinolone (TA) deposits following subcutaneous injection to treat chalazion
Chalazia are chronic lipogranulomatous inflammations of the eyelid secondary to a blocked meibomian gland. Whilst most resolve spontaneously, certain chalazia warrant treatment. Options include incision and curettage (I&C), lesion excision, intralesional steroid injections, and botox injections [1]. I&C is usually...
Efficacy of BT as a treatment for cranial nerve palsy in acute and chronic cases
The authors performed a meta-analysis of all patients’ treatment with botulinum toxin (BT) for cranial nerve palsy (CNP) to determine the efficacy of BT in the treatment of CNP due to a variety of causes. The search identified 1129 articles...
How many injections in nAMD: ranibizumab vs. aflibercept
Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections make up a large proportion of the workload in ophthalmology clinics. Since the introduction of aflibercept with eight weekly injections there has been an option to use a treatment which may require less treatment, with potential cost...
