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1439 results found

Acute retinal necrosis presumably caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is an uncommon, but serious and potentially blinding condition. ARN is characterised by panuveitis, occlusive vasculopathy and progressive peripheral necrotising retinitis. The diagnosis is clinical but confirmation is sought via aqueous and vitreous sampling. Varicella zoster...

Cytomegalovirus retinitis post intravitreal triamcinolone in an immunocompetent patient with juvenile glaucoma

Figure 1: Fundus photograph shows active CMV retinitis four weeks after IVTA in the right eye. Figure 2: Fundus photograph of the left eye with no CMV retinitis; atrophic disc as a result of juvenile glaucoma. Case report A 29-year-old...

An unusual presentation of sarcoidosis

*Equally contributing co-first authors. Case report A 45-year-old man presented to his local optometrist with a three-week history of severe intermittent left eye pain with associated blurred vision and tenderness around his left temple. Two days prior, he developed weakness...

Like a moth to AC flare: CMV-associated hypertensive anterior uveitis

Hypertensive anterior uveitis can present a diagnostic challenge to clinicians working in emergency eye departments. While prompt initial control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and inflammation is essential, elucidating the underlying aetiology is critical for long-term visual outcomes. When there is...

Myasthenia gravis presenting with isolated ptosis: a poorly studied subgroup

Investigation into the cause of one isolated symptom or sign can be challenging if that particular sign may be caused by a variety of pathological processes, affecting different tissues, and presenting to different specialties. Unilateral ptosis is a case in...

Developments in Ophthalmology: Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy Techniques and Applications

Radiation was discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895, and since then has been used to treat a variety of cancers. Its therapeutic properties have been widely used for ocular and periocular tumours and inflammatory disease, but the present era is...

The results of the last survey Dec23

*Please be aware that this data does not form part of a peer reviewed research study. The information therein should not be relied upon for clinical purposes but instead used as a guide for clinical practice and reflection. Hopefully by...

Who will benefit from cataract surgery?

The need for cataract surgery is expected to rise dramatically in the future due to the increasing proportion of elderly citizens and increasing demands for optimum visual function. The aim of this study was to provide an evidence-based recommendation for...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) has been linked with various pathological conditions of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, tumours and brainstem inflammatory processes. This unusual case report describes a case of a 45-year-old female patient presenting with...

An unusual case of partial oculomotor nerve palsy

The authors present an unusual case of intra-axial oculomotor nerve involvement due to midbrain infarction. The 65-year-old male patient presented with unilateral complete blepharoptosis and slight limitation of upgaze. Neurological examination revealed a complete ptosis of the left eyelid, slight...

Early diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy using combined MRI findings

The author presents a literature review searching the terms ‘pituitary ring sign’ and ‘sphenoid sinus mucosal thickening’ in the context of pituitary apoplexy from 1990 until the present day. These two findings are both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of...