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Disseminated cutaneous zoster – a masquerade

Reactivation of varicella zoster infection in the elderly commonly presents to ophthalmologists as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), affecting the Va trigeminal dermatome. In patients with impaired immunity, zoster infection occurs with increased severity and may be complicated by visceral and...

What’s next in retinal imaging? Faster, deeper and full-on

Fast-evolving technological leaps are opening the way toward clinically useful ocular coherence angiography, generating 3-dimensional microvasculature maps without intravenous dye injection, as well as whole-eye imaging, handheld patient-operated optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices and, for challenging vitreoretinal procedures, integrated intraoperative...

Ocular electrophysiology

A 34-year-old woman, who is a CEO in a multinational firm, has been losing vision over the last 12 months. She has seen her opticians, who initially tried different glasses but could not improve things. Clinical examination is unremarkable. How...

OCT in peripheral corneal thinning

This small retrospective study used high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) Heidelberg Spectralis to identify features which could determine the underlying aetiology of peripheral corneal thinning. Ten patients were included; five with diagnoses of degenerative peripheral thinning; Terrien’s marginal degeneration...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

An interview with Professor John Forrester

What made you choose ophthalmology as a career and how did your interest in academia develop? During Medical School at Glasgow University, I was getting progressively disillusioned with the career options while my colleagues and friends all seemed to quickly...

In conversation with John Forrester

What made you choose ophthalmology as a career and how did your interest in academia develop? During Medical School at Glasgow University, I was getting progressively disillusioned with the career options while my colleagues and friends all seemed to quickly...

Oculogyric crisis with B12 deficiency

An oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a dystonic movement disorder of the eyes which can last from seconds to hours. Although there is no published diagnostic criteria for OGC, typically the onset is acute, and it is characterised by conjugate upward...

Aug/Sep 2015 Quiz 2

History A two-year-old female child presented with loss of vision in her left eye. Examination showed leukocoria and intraocular calcification was identified on scanning. The suspected diagnosis was intraocular retinoblastoma and the child underwent an enucleation. The eyeball was submitted...

Quiz Oct/Nov 2022

History An Afro-Caribbean woman, aged 30, with “scleral tattooing” for cosmetic reasons (subconjunctival dye injection), presented with bilateral upper and lower eyelid oedema for one week, and she also had restricted eye movement and blurry vision in her right eye....

Comparison of thrombolysis and conservative management in acute retinal ischaemia

The authors present a retrospective cohort study of individuals presenting with acute, painless, monocular vision loss and diagnosed with acute retinal ischaemia. Reasons for exclusion were iatrogenic aetiology, transient vision loss, missing initial visual acuity data, more than 16 hours...

The Duke-Elder exam: A medical student’s head start into ophthalmology

The Duke-Elder exam is a specialist ophthalmology exam intended for medical students to sit during medical school. It is named after Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, a pioneering Scottish ophthalmologist who was active in the first half of the 20th Century by...