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100 years of insulin

*Joint first authors The centenary of the discovery of insulin is a time to celebrate one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Background Before 1923, Type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] resulted in death from severe ketoacidosis...

Microbial keratitis in corneal grafts

The authors report a retrospective case series of 59 episodes of microbial keratitis identified in 41 eyes of 41 patients (39 penetrating keratoplasty (PKPs) and two deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALKs)), from a total of 759 consecutive corneal grafts identified...

The results of the last survey Dec22

I am regularly faced with litigation whereby the claimant’s cornea has decompensated after cataract surgery. The procedure may have been complicated but sometimes it is not. The eye may have been high risk, for example, a shallow anterior chamber with...

Broadening of treatment options for potentially blinding retinal conditions

Rod McNeil provides an update on a promising bispecific antibody recently approved for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and considers emerging developments in biosimilars to established anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies, including...

Love will tear us apart again

Sophie: Bye. Love you! Mark: I love you, too. (It’s okay, everyone says it. I say I love Häagen-Dazs and my broadband provider, and I like Sophie more than them. In most respects.) Yes, Valentine’s Day is fast approaching again...

Irido-corneal endothelial syndrome: an overview

Irido-corneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a rare group of eye related disorders that constitute three different clinical entities: Chandler syndrome (CS), essential / progressive iris atrophy and iris naevus / Cogan-Reese syndrome. ICE syndrome is sporadic in its presentation as...

Treatment of diabetic macular oedema

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication associated with diabetic retinopathy, and the most common cause of visual impairment in diabetes [1]. With predicted rising levels of diabetes (in England by 2025 the estimated population with diabetes will be...

Inferior oblique adherence syndrome

A case is reported of a 14-year-old with inferior oblique muscle adherence and fat adherence following unilateral inferior oblique (IO) anteriorisation. Following surgery, the patient developed consecutive esotropia, ptosis and marked limitation of laevoelevation. Forced duction test was positive for...

Winner announced for the Silmo IOA International Optician of the Year Award

The International Opticians Association (IOA) has announced the winner of the Silmo IOA International Optician of the Year Award. This innovative award recognises the importance of the optician in the optical business and their role in the choice of optimum products for their clientele.

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Cancer associated retinopathy

Abdul Muhyemin Tarin reviews the presentation, pathophysiology and management of this paraneoplastic syndrome. Case presentation A 60-year-old hypermetropic female patient presented with several months’ history of painless blurred vision. Visual acuity (VA) was 6/24 and 6/9-1 in right and left...

Conference Report: RCOphth 2025

This year’s Royal College of Ophthalmologists Annual Congress in Liverpool brought together eyecare professionals from across the country and beyond for four days of thought-provoking content, collaborative discussion and exciting glimpses into the future of ophthalmology. The opening day was...