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Oct/Nov 2018 Quiz

History A 37-year-old male was referred from the Emergency Eye Clinic with a swollen right upper eyelid. Symptom relieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The initial clinical diagnosis was dacryoadenitis. The patient presented again six weeks later with 3mm proptosis,...

Dec/Jan 2019 Quiz

History A 72-year-old male presented to his GP with a large ulcerated lesion on his right lower eyelid present for six months and enlarging in size. He had an urgent referral to a tertiary centre for specialised examination. The lesion...

Feb/Mar 2019 Quiz

History A 31-year-old female patient presented with history of gradual downward displacement of the globe over the last six months. The superotemporal mass then became palpable (Figure 1). Lateral orbitotomy was performed following CT scans (Figure 2). Figure 1. Figure...

Apr/May 2019 Quiz

History A 68-year-old female patient was referred from her GP with bilateral conjunctival lesions on her upper eyelids which cause local irritation and dry eyes. Her past ophthalmic history is uneventful. However, systemically she has history of high blood pressure...

Ophthalmology survey results June/July 2019

Firstly may I thank all of you who took the time to answer the survey. I hope you will agree that the findings are very interesting. From a medicolegal perspective we always consider the Bolam test which can be summarised...

The results of the last survey Feb23

*Please be aware that this data does not form part of a peer reviewed research study. The information therein should not be relied upon for clinical purposes but instead used as a guide for clinical practice and reflection. For the...

Disseminated cutaneous zoster – a masquerade

Reactivation of varicella zoster infection in the elderly commonly presents to ophthalmologists as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), affecting the Va trigeminal dermatome. In patients with impaired immunity, zoster infection occurs with increased severity and may be complicated by visceral and...

Melanocytoma of the optic disc

Melanocytoma is a heavily pigmented lesion, composed of melanocytes and is a variant of melanocytic naevus. It classically occurs at the optic disc and is usually benign, static and asymptomatic. However, it can occasionally grow and invade the retina or...

Macular imagery: observing the visual sensations pre- and post-Jetrea injections

A 63-year-old woman, a professional painter, was diagnosed with vitreomacular traction (VMT) in 2017. She had a history of metamorphopsia, drop in visual acuity (VA) in the left eye (6/6 in the RE; 6/18 in the LE), foveal vitreomacular traction...

Acute dacryoadenitis secondary to COVID-19

Acute dacryoadenitis is defined as the rapid onset of discomfort and swelling of the lacrimal gland, classically giving rise to an S-shaped ptosis [1]. Dacryoadenitis is the most common cause of a painful mass in the lacrimal gland in young...

Lines, dots, spots and rings in ophthalmology: understanding eponyms

Eponymous names are familiar to all who have undergone undergraduate and postgraduate training in medicine. The ability to name a few allows one to stand out among your peers and rare, or not so rare, eponymous syndromes are a favourite...

How to pass the FRCOphth part 2 oral exam

If you have got this far in terms of your exams, relax. In terms of pass rate, the hardest FRCOphth membership exams are already behind you. The pass mark for the part 2 oral exam is around 75%, and about...