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Feb/Mar 2017 Quiz

History A 40-year-old male patient presented with a right lower eyelid swelling with gradual enlargement for two months. On examination there was a large lesion apparently involving lid margin, part of palpebral conjunctiva and skin. No other local or systemic...

Jun/Jul 2018 Quiz

History A 35-year-old woman had a long-standing left blind eye following extensive exudative retinal detachment in the past. She later developed increasing pain in her blind eye. Her medical history includes pheochromocytoma resected five years ago, and she is currently...

Apr/May 2019 Quiz

History A 68-year-old female patient was referred from her GP with bilateral conjunctival lesions on her upper eyelids which cause local irritation and dry eyes. Her past ophthalmic history is uneventful. However, systemically she has history of high blood pressure...

Quiz Dec/Jan 2023

History A 35-year-old female presented to the emergency eye clinic with an acutely red, painful, photophobic left eye. She was a contact lens-wearer but denied swimming, showering, or sleeping in her lenses. She resided on a farm and worked as...

Quiz Jun/Jul 2024

History A one-year-old girl originally presented with a red eye, initially bilaterally and later in the left only. On examination a membrane was found on the tarsal conjunctiva of the upper eyelid (Figure 1). Figure 1: Anterior segment. Serum plasminogen...

Diagnosis and management of IV cranial nerve palsy

Aetiology: Trochlear nerve palsy can be divided into acute or congenital. Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is usually noted in childhood with development of abnormal head posture. Various pathologies can lead to acute IV nerve palsy, most commonly trauma. Other causes...

Acute retinal necrosis presumably caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is an uncommon, but serious and potentially blinding condition. ARN is characterised by panuveitis, occlusive vasculopathy and progressive peripheral necrotising retinitis. The diagnosis is clinical but confirmation is sought via aqueous and vitreous sampling. Varicella zoster...

Periorbital and subconjunctival emphysema - a sign of orbital rim fracture

Background Orbital emphysema is a condition where air is present in orbit or periorbital tissues [1]. It is most commonly caused by trauma leading to orbit fracture, where air from paranasal sinuses is allowed to enter the orbit. The most...

The most memorable patient encounters and what they taught me

In ophthalmology, some encounters blend quietly into the rhythm of clinic. Others stay with us, shaping how we practice and who we become as clinicians. These moments become the unexpected teachers of our training. They are subtle yet leave a...