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Diagnosis and management of IV cranial nerve palsy

1 October 2017 | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Aetiology: Trochlear nerve palsy can be divided into acute or congenital. Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is usually noted in childhood with development of abnormal head posture. Various pathologies can lead to acute IV nerve palsy, most commonly trauma. Other causes...

Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)

2 August 2022 | | EYE - General
Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....

Report on ‘2024: Artificial Intelligence and the Eye’

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
As the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is brought to the foray of clinical medicine, you can be forgiven for thinking that it is a relatively recent technology. However, researchers and computer scientists have been working on it for many...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

Demyelinating optic neuropathy

5 June 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Introduction Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory process affecting the optic nerve. After glaucoma, it is the most common optic neuropathy affecting patients under the age of 50. The usual presentation of typical ON is unilateral subacute loss of vision...

What's trending Apr/May 2024

3 April 2024 | | EYE - General
A round-up of the eye-related hot topics that have been trending on social media over the last few weeks. #GrahamNorton #eyelids Graham Norton’s chat show is always a must-watch in my book. I was particularly surprised to find two eye-related...

Management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

1 August 2014 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness in the working-age population. Due to the worsening global epidemic of diabetes, the incidence of morbidity caused by the disease is set to increase [1]. The prevalence of diabetes in the UK...

Progress in retinal disease management: Highlights of the Retina Day, RCOphth 2025 Annual Congress

4 August 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The Retina Day meeting at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) 2025 Annual Congress in Liverpool was held on 22 May 2025. This report highlights 10 selected topics of interest to subspecialists and general ophthalmologists. Decarbonising anti-VEGF clinics (or making...

Aug/Sep 2015 Quiz 1

1 August 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
History A 60-year-old woman was referred to ophthalmology with a suspected left eye choroidal naevus. Visual acuity was unaffected in both eyes and she was asymptomatic. Ocular history and medical history were unremarkable. Questions Figure 1: Fundus photograph. 1. What...

Retinal arteriovenous malformation

1 June 2018 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
A 24-year-old Caucasian girl reported to the eye clinic with the complaint of painless decreased vision in her right eye. She had no history of infectious disease, trauma, systemic malignancy or other systemic complaint. Her best corrected visual acuity was...

The results of the last survey Aug24

2 August 2024 | | EYE - Glaucoma
In the first case we were faced with a 55-year-old patient with narrow, potentially occludable drainage angles, no significant cataract, and persistently raised intraocular pressures (IOPs) of 28mmHg with early disc compromise, and normal vision in each eye. It is...

The role of spectral-domain OCT RNFL in revealing a pituitary adenoma with atypical visual fields

3 April 2026 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Pituitary adenomas classically cause bitemporal hemianopia by compressing the optic chiasm. However, in some cases, the pattern of visual field loss may be atypical and mimic homonymous hemianopia, depending on the direction and extent of tumour expansion. Spectral-domain optical coherence...