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Inflammation and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy
Studies have shown that neurodegeneration and inflammation in the retina start early in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and can be present before the latter is clinically evident. The aim of this retrospective review of 99 diabetic patients was to evaluate retinal...
Steroid implants in the treatment of post-epiretinal membrane peel macular oedema
This is a retrospective review of 39 eyes of 37 patients treated with Ozurdex® (intravitreal dexamethasone implant) for persistent post-operative cystoid macular oedema (CMO) following vitrectomy and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling. The 0.7mg implant was injected in each eye...
Ranibizumab versus laser in diabetic macular oedema (LUCIDATE study)
The aim of this study was to compare the functional and structural effects of Ranibizumab versus macular laser treatment in patients with diabetic macular oedema. It was a single centre, prospective, randomised, single masked clinical trial spanning a 48 week...The management of retinal vein occlusions: a summary
Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are the most common cause of visual loss from retinal vascular disease second to diabetic retinopathy. Vision is lost due to ischaemia, macular oedema and / or haemorrhage which ultimately effects a patient’s quality of life...A case of retinal cavernous haemangioma – don’t let it slip through the grapevine
We present a case of a seven-year-old male who presented to the emergency eye referral clinic with red eye. He was diagnosed and treated for allergic conjunctivitis, however, on clinic review, wide field retinal imaging was performed (as has been...Don’t ignore the black lesion! It might be mucormycosis
Keeping mucormycosis infection in the foreground of your differential diagnosis, especially in those more vulnerable patients, will help save their lives if recognised and managed appropriately. Mucormycosis is a fulminant infection caused by the fungi of the family Mucoraceae. It...
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy: from lab to clinic
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) was the first clinically described mitochondrial disorder (1871). This article reviews the pathophysiology and clinical features of LHON with a focus on translational research. G11778A is currently the most common mutation worldwide and is associated...Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students
*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...Optical coherence tomography – reinventing the eye examination
It has been 25 years since Huang et al. presented the first optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in Science [1]. With vast improvements in OCT technology over the years, it is now possible to acquire high-resolution cross-sectional images of the...Insects, swelling and sight loss: a case of orbital inflammatory syndrome
Despite being the most common cause of painful orbital mass in adults and the third most common orbital disease, orbital inflammatory syndrome still proves to be a difficult ocular condition to diagnose, treat, and manage. A 41-year-old lady presented to...Acute management of retrobulbar haemorrhage
The authors discuss the importance of rapid diagnosis and correct management of acute RBH presentation to avoid the risk of permanent blindness. Retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) is an ocular emergency that occurs due to arterial bleeding in the orbital cavity behind...
