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100 years of insulin

3 October 2022
*Joint first authors The centenary of the discovery of insulin is a time to celebrate one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Background Before 1923, Type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] resulted in death from severe ketoacidosis...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

1 December 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Pathology
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

Stem cell transplantation and pterygium surgery

28 November 2022 | | EYE - General
Pterygium is a benign, fibrovascular overgrowth of bulbar conjunctiva extending onto the cornea and has been associated with ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The prevalence of pterygium worldwide varies between geographical zones but has been reported to range between three and...

Uveal melanoma

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Pathology, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Imaging
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumour. However, they are still rare, with an incidence of 2-8 per million [1]. The presence of a choroidal naevus is a risk factor for uveal melanoma [1]. Patients with choroidal lesions...

Glaucoma: 30 years on

30 November 2023
Back in 1993, the late and great Barry Cullen FRCS (Cavan born, Dublin trained), the first editor of Eye News, asked me to write an article about the current treatment of chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG). At the time I...

The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea monitoring functionality on smartwatches: a new frontier for ophthalmologists

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
Dawn of a new era in wearable technology? Smartwatches have really stepped up their game and have evolved from telling time to keeping an eye on our health. In February 2024, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave...

Progress for a more sustainable practice in ophthalmology

3 October 2024 | | EYE - General
Climate change is widely considered to be the greatest threat to health in the 21st century and is accompanied by other environmental considerations such as air and water pollution that impact on human health [1,2]. These problems are, in no...

General purpose AI: Transitioning from high performance in highly curated settings to useful applications in ophthalmology

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Artificial intelligence (AI) may be understood as the ability of machines to perform tasks which otherwise require human perception, reasoning, or learning. With the advent of deep learning, AI has achieved remarkable results across a wide range of medical tasks...

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Oculoplastic
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Congenital and paediatric cataract: Advances in diagnosis and management

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Cataract
Congenital and paediatric cataracts are relatively rare, although prevalence varies significantly between countries, influenced by factors such as nutrition, immunisation policy and population genetics [1]. In the UK, around 3–4 of every 10,000 babies are born with cataracts. It’s a...

Appeal for fundus cameras and OCT machines for Nigeria

29 January 2021
Nigeria has the highest population of people living with diabetes mellitus (DM) in sub-Saharan Africa. As at 2013 the population of people living with DM stood at 4.9 million, of whom an estimated 1.7 million had diabetic retinopathy (DR). There is currently no national DR screening and treatment programme.

Aug/Sep 2014 Quiz 2

1 August 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
History A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department with blurred vision and central scotoma in the right eye (RE) over the previous weeks. He had no relevant medical history and he was not on any current medication. However, he...