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Retinal arteriovenous malformation

1 June 2018 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
A 24-year-old Caucasian girl reported to the eye clinic with the complaint of painless decreased vision in her right eye. She had no history of infectious disease, trauma, systemic malignancy or other systemic complaint. Her best corrected visual acuity was...
Ophthalmic Epidemiology cover picture

Prevalence and incidence of uveitis

3 June 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal | Incidence, epidemiology, prevalence, systematic review, uveitis
Uveitis encompasses a group of diseases characterised by the inflammation of fovea uvea which are potentially vision threatening. However, the frequency of this condition is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide estimates of the frequency of uveitis...

Macular imagery: observing the visual sensations pre- and post-Jetrea injections

25 September 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
A 63-year-old woman, a professional painter, was diagnosed with vitreomacular traction (VMT) in 2017. She had a history of metamorphopsia, drop in visual acuity (VA) in the left eye (6/6 in the RE; 6/18 in the LE), foveal vitreomacular traction...

Aqueous misdirection: a case series of unexpected surgical complications

3 June 2024 | | EYE - Glaucoma
Aqueous misdirection (AM), also known as malignant glaucoma, is a form of secondary glaucoma that typically presents with shallowing of the anterior chamber (AC), raised intraocular pressure (IOP), and reduced visual acuity (VA) in the presence of patent peripheral iridotomies...

Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

White dot syndromes

1 September 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
It is fair to say that trainees and consultants who are not medical retina specialists are a bit scared of the so called retinal ‘white dot syndromes’. It is easy to understand why this is the case, as almost every...

Retinoblastoma management update (part 2): treatment, screening and surveillance, long-term follow-up and new developments

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Oncology
Retinoblastoma treatment requires significant multidisciplinary input, but early detection through raising awareness remains key to improving outcomes. In the second article of a two-part series, Manoj Parulekar discusses retinoblastoma management, screening and research. This article has been published in two...

Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Uveal melanoma

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Pathology, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Imaging
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumour. However, they are still rare, with an incidence of 2-8 per million [1]. The presence of a choroidal naevus is a risk factor for uveal melanoma [1]. Patients with choroidal lesions...

Orbital airgun pellet injuries: A paediatric case pair

10 December 2025 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics
Airgun injuries to the eye and orbit can be visually devastating. The pellet need not impact the globe directly to cause visual loss, as the cone shaped orbit may funnel the projectile into the orbital apex and optic nerve. We...

Cataract surgery in corneal disease

3 June 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Cataract
Cataract surgery in the presence of corneal disease presents multiple challenges, from determining whether symptoms are lenticular or corneal in origin, to decisions regarding timing of surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, IOL selection, surgical technique and perioperative care. Realistic...

Cytomegalovirus retinitis post intravitreal triamcinolone in an immunocompetent patient with juvenile glaucoma

1 December 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Figure 1: Fundus photograph shows active CMV retinitis four weeks after IVTA in the right eye. Figure 2: Fundus photograph of the left eye with no CMV retinitis; atrophic disc as a result of juvenile glaucoma. Case report A 29-year-old...