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Feb/Mar 2015 Quiz 2
History A 60-year-old white Caucasian male, with a history of acne, presented with slate grey pigmentation of his upper forehead, pre-auricular skin, peri-oral area, forearms and shins. The conjunctivae showed bilateral lower tarsal conjunctival multiple black dots. One of these...Community Eyecare Services in Northern Ireland: putting the patient at the centre, improving outcomes and maximising system resource
The UK has four healthcare systems; Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each has autonomous legislature that develops health policy, while the UK government directly runs England’s NHS. Like the other nations, Northern Ireland is continually challenged to meet the needs...How to examine the visual system Part 1: visual acuity, visual fields and eye movements
Asking candidates to perform an examination of the visual system, either as part of a full cranial nerve exam or as an individual entity, is a common station in practical examinations during medical school. It is important to practise for...Commonest mistakes during the refraction certificate exam
Ophthalmology specialty trainees are required to pass the refraction certificate exam within the first two years of training. If one passes this exam before entering a training programme, this can add two points to the portfolio during applications. In this...
Wide variation in the volume of the sphenoid trigone
This is a radiological study of the volume of the sphenoid trigone in normal subjects. The authors were interested to see how much volume could be gained by removal of the trigone during an orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease....
William’s syndrome
William’s syndrome is a congenital multisystem disorder involving the cardiovascular, connective tissue and central nervous systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of ophthalmic manifestations and associated diseases as well as provide epidemiology data...
The rarebit vision test for macular conditions
Rarebit testing is used to measure low degrees of neuro-visual damage and is available for free on the internet. It consists of a fixed bright light dot presented on a black background. During testing it is presented briefly at different...
Molecular genetics of achromatopsia
Achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the cone photoreceptors. Typical characteristics of affected patients include the inability to distinguish colours, impaired visual acuity, photophobia and nystagmus. The condition is said to be more frequent in the Pingelapese population...
Comparing visual acuity to visual demand levels in classrooms
This study investigated the actual logMAR and contrast sensitivity demands in a cross-sectional sample of kindergarten through grade 12 classrooms in New York city. This was done to consider the potential benefit in optimising the specificity of visual acuity-based screening...
Paediatric emergency presentations in an urban centre
The authors aimed to evaluate aetiologies in paediatric patients presenting to the Wills Eye Emergency department (USA) with particular emphasis on trauma. This was a retrospective review of one-year hospital data; 1136 paediatric patients, 57.4% male, 50.7% white, 36.8% black,...
Review of paediatric open globe injuries in the US
This study used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to describe the trends in types, demographics and incidence of paediatric open globe injuries in the US. The NIS database covers about 97% of the US population and about 20% of...
