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Measuring cyclotorsion

The aim of this study was to investigate if different methods of measuring cyclotorsion (synoptophore, KM screen test and single Maddox rod test) produce the same results and if these values are repeatable in adult patients. For the synoptophore, the...

Effects of orbital decompression on duction, cyclotorsion and diplopia

This is a retrospective review of 156 patients (281 eyes / orbits) with Graves Orbitopathy (GO) who had orbital decompression (OD) between 2016 and 2020 from Amsterdam, Netherlands. Data analysis of type of OD, eye position, duction, cyclotorsion and level...

Strabismus in thyroid eye disease

Pathogenesis Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an auto-immune condition, in the initial phase there is lymphocytic infiltration and oedema of the extraocular muscles with deposition of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid and adipogenesis, which can lead to an increase in the...

Ophthalmology elective in China

Wandering through the bustling streets of Zhejiang, China, immersed in the harmonious blend of modernity and tradition, I made my way to the Eye Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine. The aroma of traditional Chinese...

Resurfacing the ocular surface

The ocular surface (OS) is an anatomical and functional unit made of the tear film, the conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium, the lacrimal, mucous and meibomian glands and the lids and blink reflex. The tear film is composed of a...

Personalising the management of dry eye disease: TFOS DEWS III updates evidence-based recommendations

Dry eye disease (DED) is a heterogenous condition that arises from various aetiologic factors and leads to tear film instability, ocular surface damage and neurosensory changes. Symptoms of DED include ocular dryness, burning, itching, pain and visual impairment. An evidence-based...

Improving cataract efficiency: insights and learnings from expert practitioners

An evening surgical meeting sponsored by Théa Pharmaceuticals Ltd brought together leading experts to share insights and experience on practice strategies to enhance the efficiency of cataract surgery. Streamlining patient flow to optimise capacity and efficiency Qasim Mansoor, Consultant Ophthalmic...

The science of glaucoma management: highlights of the 2020 Moorfields International Glaucoma Symposium

Held earlier this year, the 12th annual Moorfields International Glaucoma Symposium provided a forum for advanced clinical and scientific exchange in glaucoma management. The authors describe the key presentation themes and debates, highlighting specific topics of interest to glaucoma specialists....

Thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Cytotoxic effect of voriconazole on human corneal epithelial cells

Voriconazole is a second-generation synthetic derivative of fluconazole with broadened antifungal spectrum. It is becoming the drug of choice for fungal keratitis. Voriconazole eye drops are not available commercially, thus have to be prepared by diluting the intravenous formulation containing...

Rare eye diseases: progress continues with authorised orphan medicines and breakthrough technologies

An update on the development of orphan medicines, recent regulatory treatment approvals for rare eye conditions and advances in retinal prosthetic technologies for blinding diseases. The prevalence of a rare disease is based usually on a range of estimates and...

A brief history of colour vision

Andrew Want takes a look at how colour vision has evolved in humans and animals and how it differs across species. Colour vision is something that we often take for granted, but it has become so intrinsic to the way...