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Localising the cause of bloody tears
The authors present two cases of ‘idiopathic’ bloody tearing. The paper presents the potential causes of bloody tearing, highlighting the difficulty that can be encountered in diagnosing and managing these patients. The authors use punctal plugs in these cases which...
Reducing myopia progression
This paper reports a literature review to discuss the environmental considerations and treatment options that can prevent the progression of myopia, including time spent outdoors, reduction of near vision activities, spectacle types, contact lens type and pharmacological treatment. The review...
Amblyopia treatment review
This review paper summarises the main causes and neural mechanisms that characterise amblyopia. The authors analysed neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and electrophysiological studies in the literature to better understand actual treatment regimens and evaluate new therapeutic possibilities. They considered causes of strabismus,...
BT for cyclic esotropia
This paper describes two patients with childhood cyclic esotropia treated with botulinum toxin (BT) and followed for eight and nine years. Onset was at two and four years of age. BT was injected under electromyography (EMG) guidance bilaterally to medial...
Ophthalmology practice during COVID-19
The purpose of this study was to share the experiences in treating paediatric ophthalmology patients during the pandemic and to report institution guidelines. A flowchart was devised for telephone triage and subsequent follow-up of patients through telemedicine or face to...
Imaging findings for macular dysplasia in nystagmus
This paper reports the retrospective analysis of congenital macular dysplasia in patients with albinism, macular heterotopias, congenital aniridia, foveal hypoplasia, congenital macular coloboma and congenital retinoschisis. The study included 29 eyes of 17 patients. The authors report SD-OCT aids diagnosis...
Superior oblique sagittalisation
This paper reports two cases with anomalous posterior course of the superior oblique tendon with insertion nasal to the superior rectus tendon. Both presented with Brown syndrome-like clinical scenarios. The cases were a five-year-old female and four-year-old male. Diagnosis was...
Changing surgery trends from 2009–2020
This paper reports a review of the number and type of surgeries over one decade in a Portuguese hospital. This was a retrospective review of 2050 surgeries. About 70% were strabismus surgery and the remainder included anterior segment and retinopathy...Part 1: The Arclight Project – Frugal tech for sight
Click here for Part 2 on this topic, and here for Part 3 The Arclight Project is a mix of frugal design, manufacturing, distribution, teaching, research, and advocacy, all wrapped up in a social enterprise based at the University of...Large language models in ophthalmology
Traditional artificial intelligence (AI) models typically require large amounts of labelled data for training. For example, to develop a model capable of detecting macular pathologies on optical coherence tomography scans, thousands of scans would need to be manually labelled by...
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery – A Practical Guide
The treatment of patients with mild to moderate glaucoma has evolved rapidly in the last decade. Traditionally, medical and laser treatments were the mainstay of therapy for this group of patients. Trabeculectomy, non-penetrating surgery and glaucoma drainage implants were reserved...
