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The International AMD Genomics Consortium study: another success in understanding the complex genetics of AMD

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative complex disease of the eye and a major cause of blindness and visual impairment among the elderly worldwide. The early stages of the disease are characterised by asymptomatic pigmentary abnormalities and accumulation of...

Caring for adults with an ocular tumour

Detection If you screen for an intraocular tumour, dilate the pupil. If the patient is driving, use phenylephrine only. If the patient declines, document this in the casenotes. Don’t forget to look for sentinel vessels, which would indicate a ciliary...

Pathophysiology of diabetic macular oedema: why combination therapy may be better

The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase over the years. It is currently estimated that there are 382 million with diabetes worldwide in 2013, and that this figure is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 [1]. In...

Jun/Jul 2015 Quiz

History A 35-year-old male presents with bilateral corneal opacities. Examination shows a honeycomb-type dystrophy. A penetrating keratoplasty is performed and the specimen sent for ophthalmic histopathological assessment. Figure 1 is the haemotoxylin & eosin (H&E). Figure 2 is a Masson...

White dot syndromes

It is fair to say that trainees and consultants who are not medical retina specialists are a bit scared of the so called retinal ‘white dot syndromes’. It is easy to understand why this is the case, as almost every...

Pain control during orbital implant surgery

This is a study based on existing evidence that pre-emptive pain control has advantages over traditional post-surgical analgesia. The authors compared pain scores in three groups of randomly assigned and masked patients all undergoing orbital implant surgery under general anaesthesia...

Essentials of OCT in Ocular Disease

Sir Isaac Newton was the first to establish the technique of low coherence white light interferometry. Following on from this, the principle of laser interferometry as an imaging modality for retina was applied by David Huang and his associates in...

Warfarin Induced Suprachoroidal Haemorrhage Presenting as Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

Spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage is a rare but recognised entity. Anticoagulant therapy is a well known risk factor. We describe a case of warfarin induced suprachoroidal haemorrhage presenting as acute angle closure glaucoma in a patient with raised International Normalised Ratio...

Displacement of submacular haemorrhage – comparative study pneumatic displacement versus subretinal cocktail injection

The authors report a multicentre retrospective interventional case series study comparing the outcome of submacular haemorrhage (SMH) using pneumatic displacement with intravitreal expansile gas versus treatment with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), anti-vascular...

Open globe trauma – visual outcomes after primary vitrectomy

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of early vitrectomy on visual outcomes in eyes with open globe ocular trauma. One hundred and eighty eyes from a cohort of 166 patients who underwent primary vitrectomy between 2017 and 2023...

A unique case of macular burn from ‘toy’ laser

The first laser was created in 1960 and its name is an acronym for ‘light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation’. Laser technology has been used for medical, industrial, research and entertainment purposes in a variety of fields following extensive...

Deciphering dark retinal patches

We present a case of bilateral extensive dark without pressure (DWP) located outside the retinal vascular arcades in a young female. This retinal finding is benign but, in some instances, darkened retinal patches could be associated with potential sight-threatening conditions....