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Understanding spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): what do we know?

2 August 2022 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - General
Introduction Formerly known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), space-related neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is defined by a collection of ophthalmic and neurological findings in astronauts after long-term spaceflight [1]. Changes in the eyeball, such as hyperopic shift, during...

NYU Langone Health performs world’s first whole-eye & partial-face transplant

15 November 2023 | NYU Langone, eye transplant, Face transplant, surgery, therapies, Aaron James, USA, Eduardo D. Rodriguez
Landmark whole-eye transplant is a major paradigm shift for potential vision therapies.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a clinician’s perspective

25 January 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). The term herpes is derived from a Greek work, herpein, which means ‘creeping’ and the word zoster means a belt or a girdle...

The other side

1 April 2020 | | EYE - General
Adele sings a song called Hello, which is about a mythical phonecall she makes to an ex-boyfriend about how different life is now compared to when they used to date. The chorus line repeated many times is “Hello from the...

Apr/May 2014 Quiz 2

1 April 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
History A 29-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a two week history of floaters and patchy peripheral visual field loss in the left eye (LE). She had no relevant medical history and she was not on any current...

Diagnosis and management of IV cranial nerve palsy

1 October 2017 | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Aetiology: Trochlear nerve palsy can be divided into acute or congenital. Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is usually noted in childhood with development of abnormal head posture. Various pathologies can lead to acute IV nerve palsy, most commonly trauma. Other causes...

Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)

2 August 2022 | | EYE - General
Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....

Report on ‘2024: Artificial Intelligence and the Eye’

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
As the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is brought to the foray of clinical medicine, you can be forgiven for thinking that it is a relatively recent technology. However, researchers and computer scientists have been working on it for many...

Pathophysiology of diabetic macular oedema: why combination therapy may be better

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase over the years. It is currently estimated that there are 382 million with diabetes worldwide in 2013, and that this figure is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 [1]. In...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

The assessment of pupils and 
pupillary reactions

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

1 August 2014 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...