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Perioperative nursing considerations for ocular patients on GLP-1 and SGLT2 inhibitor medications

5 October 2026 | | EYE - General
New antihyperglycaemic drugs are now increasingly used to treat individuals with and without diabetes mellitus to reduce their cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality [1]. These include glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucosecotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor...

Viscoelastic distension of the lacrimal sac during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: A case-based technical note

5 October 2026 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Oculoplastic
Epiphora secondary to acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common presentation in ophthalmic practice, with an incidence of 30.47 per 100,000 population [1]. Histopathological studies demonstrate that NLDO is characterised by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the ductal...

What's trending Oct/Nov 2026

5 October 2026 | | ENTA - General
A round-up of the eye-related hot topics that have been trending on social media over the last few weeks. #Solar #Eclipse Of course, there isn’t any other way I could possibly start this issue’s section. The recent solar eclipse, a...

Cavernous sinus syndrome

4 February 2021 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Anatomically the cavernous sinus is a plexus of multiple veins that are connected and within this plexus there are several important vascular and neurological structures. These include cranial nerves III, IV, V1 (and sometimes V2), VI as well as the...

Chemical injury

6 April 2021 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
You are the on-call ophthalmologist. You receive a call from A&E regarding a 45-year-old man who sustained a chemical injury. He was mixing some cement, when a small amount entered his left eye. He was not wearing any protective goggles....

Traumatic optic neuropathy

1 October 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
In neuro-ophthalmology we get asked a lot about management of patients who suffered significant trauma and presented with loss of vision secondary to presumed traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). TON happens usually in the context of significant craniofacial trauma. The incidence...

How to nearly (but not quite) get into ST1 ophthalmology training – some reflections

1 February 2022 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology is often considered to be an elite, highly competitive specialty, with little room for failure. Candidates and trainees tend to cultivate a certain urbane and confident style, and the bottleneck at ST1 can feel rather intense. The majority of...

Supranuclear ocular motility disorders

1 June 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Figure 1: Bilateral INO Introduction Complex ocular motility disorders are a diagnostic challenge. These patients come with very complex ocular motility presentations and require a careful and detailed assessment in order to find the correct diagnosis and arrange appropriate investigations....

Myopia-related strabismus – heavy eye syndrome

3 January 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction Myopia can be associated with any type of strabismus, but high myopia has increased frequency of esotropia and vertical heterotropia. The incidence and severity of the strabismus increases with the degree of myopia and age of the patient. Classification...

Demyelinating optic neuropathy

5 June 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Introduction Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory process affecting the optic nerve. After glaucoma, it is the most common optic neuropathy affecting patients under the age of 50. The usual presentation of typical ON is unilateral subacute loss of vision...

Commonest mistakes during the refraction certificate exam

2 February 2024 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Ophthalmology specialty trainees are required to pass the refraction certificate exam within the first two years of training. If one passes this exam before entering a training programme, this can add two points to the portfolio during applications. In this...

The role of aspirin in the treatment of NAION: Benefits and controversies

4 December 2024 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute optic neuropathy in individuals over 50 with estimated prevalence of 2–10 per 100,000 people, characterised by sudden, unilateral vision loss due to ischaemic injury to the optic nerve head....