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What not to miss in neuro-ophthalmology Part 1

Neuro-ophthalmology is a complex and difficult subspecialty in ophthalmology. It has several connections to neurology, neuro-surgery, rheumatology as well as many other medical specialties. Working in an multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment is key to success in this subspecialty as mistakes...

Possible COVID-19 related maculopathy

COVID-19 is being investigated as a potential cause for various ocular diseases, with growing evidence of related retinal vascular changes, that vary from isolated cotton wool spots and retinal haemorrhages to retinal vascular occlusions [1.2]. COVID-related macular affection has also...

Quiz Aug/Sep 2025

History A 78-year-old female presented with bilateral, painless, progressive blurring of vision over five years, photophobia and increasing glare. Her past medical history included a known diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). On examination, vision in the left...

It’s not always GCA

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an immune mediated granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects muscular middle or large sized arteries. It is considered as a continuation of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) when the severity of the disease has increased. It is the...

Under pressure: a tool to aid the 
non-ophthalmic practitioner in the timely management of acute angle closure

Acute angle closure is a true ophthalmic emergency that mandates timely diagnosis and treatment. The priority in initial management is to lower the intraocular pressure in an expeditious matter using medical treatments. The risk of irreversible glaucomatous optic neuropathy is...

The Lily Foundation celebrates approval of first ever mitochondrial disease treatment by NICE

The Lily Foundation, the UK’s leading mitochondrial disease charity, is today celebrating a landmark achievement in the fight against the disease – the first ever treatment for a mitochondrial condition has been approved for use on the NHS in England....

Clinical Pathways in Neuro-Ophthalmology: An evidence based approach (Third edition)

This is a fairly comprehensive textbook with 20 chapters covering the most common neuro-ophthalmic problems you are likely to encounter in clinical practice. The chapters each comprise several sections, the titles of which are often phrased as questions the reader...

Ocular complications in retinal vasculitis

In this retrospective study the authors aimed to characterise the incidence rates of visual loss and ocular complications associated with retinal vasculitis (RV – annual incidence of 1-2/ 100000/ per annum). A secondary objective was to compare the visual outcomes...

Beware the disc in myopic patients

Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic neuropathy characterised by damage of retinal ganglion cells. Evaluation of structural damage of the optic nerve is important in glaucoma diagnosis. The ISNT rule states that the neuroretinal rim width is generally widest...

2018 update on intravitreal injections

In this review article the authors have highlighted the standardised and structured approach to intravitreal injections (IVI) by examining the recent evidence-based literature. IVI is the most commonly performed procedure worldwide with low potential risk of endophthalmitis. IOP spikes are...

Orbital Schwannomas

This is a large case series of orbital Schwannomas managed at a single centre over a 26-year period. Twenty Schwannomas are reported, all but one of which was managed surgically. The tumours were all benign, had an insidious onset and...

Patterns of binocular diplopia in giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous vasculitis that targets medium and large sized vessels. Binocular diplopia has been reported in a small number of patients with visual manifestations of GCA. It can be caused by ischaemia in any segment...