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Neurofibromatosis type 2 – diagnosis, features and MDT approach

1 December 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Cataract and Refractive
NF2 is a genetic condition caused by mutation in a single gene (NF2 gene) on chromosome 22. The NF2 gene provides instructions to produce a protein called merlin, also known as schwannomin. This protein functions as a tumour suppressor, preventing...

What not to miss in neuro-ophthalmology Part 1

1 April 2018 | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology is a complex and difficult subspecialty in ophthalmology. It has several connections to neurology, neuro-surgery, rheumatology as well as many other medical specialties. Working in an multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment is key to success in this subspecialty as mistakes...

Papilloedema: an update

1 June 2016 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Some readers may have seen a recent report in the national newspapers of the case of a teenage girl with persistent severe headache associated with a fatal brain tumour having been undiagnosed despite many consultations with her medical advisers. It...

Sensitive cilia – eyelashes in health and disease

5 October 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Optometry, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Orbit, Oculoplastics
In health our eyelashes protect the eyes, but in disease they can disfigure, impair quality of life and threaten vision. In this review the authors discuss aspects of lashes that are relevant to all professionals working near the eyes and...

How to examine the visual system Part 1: visual acuity, visual fields and eye movements

1 June 2014 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Asking candidates to perform an examination of the visual system, either as part of a full cranial nerve exam or as an individual entity, is a common station in practical examinations during medical school. It is important to practise for...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

15 February 2023 | | Ophthalmology, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

1 December 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Genetics
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

The creation of PlayDoh<sup>®</sup> models as an educational tool for teaching anatomy of the eyelid

1 July 2018 | | Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics
An understanding of the anatomy of the eyelid is essential for training in oculoplastic surgery. Active learning has been shown to increase knowledge and retention and has an advantage over passive teaching methods alone [1,2]. PlayDoh® models have been used...

Virtual reality for the ophthalmic trainee

1 June 2015 | | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Orbit, Optometry, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
If you believe the tech blogs 2015 is the year of virtual reality. Industry experts believe this will be due to the potential commercial release of the poster boy of this new revolution, the Oculus Rift. This is a headset...

Mucormycosis: In conversation with Dr Deepak Haldipur and Dr Aditya Moorthy

15 July 2021 | | COVID-19, Ophthalmology, Orbit, Oculoplastics, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
COVID-19 has ravaged the world in the past 18 months. The second wave in many countries was deadlier than the first. Mucormycosis, infamously labelled ‘the black fungus’ has affected some countries, such as India, in epidemic proportions within this COVID...

Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Brain tumours in adults: the essentials for an ophthalmologist

1 August 2019 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
The author provides a review of the common intracranial tumours in adults (other than pituitaries) which may present to an ophthalmologist. Primary malignant brain tumours comprise 3% of adult cancers but with an ageing population such tumours are becoming more...