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Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Results of vitrectomy in epiretinal membranes secondary to retinal vein occlusions

1 August 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This retrospective, observational multicentre study investigated the anatomic and functional results of vitrectomy associated with the peeling of secondary epiretinal membranes (ERM) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and determined the prognostic factors of surgical outcomes. Data was collected...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Changes in ocular biomarkers in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease after pulse steroid therapy

2 October 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the early and chronological changes in ocular biomarkers in patients of Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) disease who received pulse steroid therapy. It further aimed to identify which biomarkers correlated with the best corrected visual...

The clues of the eye – what is medical ophthalmology?

1 February 2022 |
The author looks at the increasingly significant role of medical ophthalmologists and the importance of integrative healthcare. The eye is a remarkable organ, and for decades we have been discovering intimations of pathology existing elsewhere in the body [1] simply...

Shifting the paradigm of managing patients in medical retina: how real-world data can help us to improve clinical practice

1 February 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The ophthalmic subspecialty of ‘medical retina’ has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. With the introduction of ranibizumab (Lucentis, Novartis), a specialty formerly dominated by laser-based therapies has been transformed to become, in large part, pharmacotherapy-based. To date, these pharmacotherapies...

Therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency: cell fate after limbal stem cell transplants

1 October 2014 | | EYE - Cornea
“The beauty of scientific research lies in that the search for answers often yields yet more questions.” A large body of evidence points to the corneoscleral limbal location as the repository of putative epithelial stem cells [1]. Thoft proposed the...

The management of antiplatelets and anticoagulation in elective ophthalmic surgery

1 April 2016 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Oculoplastic
Clinical scenario: A 57-year-old gentleman who is scheduled to have Mohs micrographic surgery and reconstruction for a medial canthal basel cell carcinoma (BCC) has been started on aspirin and clopidogrel following a coronary stent three weeks ago. Does the antiplatelet...

A patient report of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, angioid streaks and choroidal neovascularisation

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Angioid streaks (AS) on their own do not cause many problems, with the majority of patients remaining asymptomatic [1]. However, once choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) occurs, the visual prognosis of the patient rapidly declines [2]. Treatment is imperative to try and...

The International Council of Ophthalmology: what is it and is it useful for UK ophthalmologists?

1 April 2018 | | EYE - General
ICO Director for Examinations and Assessments, Simon Keightley, explains the history and role of the organisation today, as well as outlining recent changes to the ICO examinations. The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) is the only international medical specialty organisation...

A Nightmare on Doctor Street

3 October 2022 | | EYE - General
“Number one: you can never have sex. Big no no! Big no no! Sex equals death, okay?Number two: you can never drink or do drugs. The sin factor! It’s a sin. It’s an extension of number one.And number three: never,...

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Oculoplastic
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Communication in ophthalmological surgery: Perspectives from an observer

3 February 2026 | | EYE - Cataract
"Please don’t move” is a common phrase I have heard whilst shadowing in theatres as the ophthalmologist contends with the eye of a patient looking around and tilting their head during surgery. As the average corneal diameter is approximately 12–12.5mm...

Paediatric ptosis

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - General
Manoj Parulekar and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, assessment and management of childhood ptosis. Blepharoptosis (commonly referred to as ptosis – Greek, πτῶσις, ‘to fall’) is a condition where the upper eyelid is in an abnormally low...