Search

You searched for "macula"

877 results found

FAQs about cerebral visual impairment (CVI): identifying and helping those affected

2 August 2022 | | EYE - General
Cerebral visual impairment is common in both adults and children, yet the diagnosis can easily be missed unless one is tuned into the presenting features. This article provides a succinct introduction to this important topic. What is vision? Vision is...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

1 December 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Pathology
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

Corneal transplantation in the United Kingdom: are we blind to the challenges that still exist after the Organ Donation Bill?

28 November 2022 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
Corneal transplantation (CT) is a significant treatment option for a huge number of patients in the United Kingdom (UK) [1]. For an individual, CT results in a substantial improvement in quality of life. Penetrating keratoplasty with full thickness grafting has...

My Top Five: Foundation year 3 jobs for prospective ophthalmology candidates

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology specialist training (OST) is a fantastic career option, however, it is also a highly competitive specialty. There was a gradual rise in competition ratios in recent years: 3.24 (2019), 5.73 (2020), and 6.80 (2021) [1]. Many choose to pursue...

The ‘theatre of the mind’: Charles Bonnet Syndrome and Esme’s Umbrella

1 April 2019 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - General
The founder of Esme’s Umbrella shares her experience with the poorly understood condition Charles Bonnet Syndrome and the creation of the campaign. Many years ago, when I was a young actress, I was in an American play called ‘Butterflies are...

Leveraging networks and collaboration: The Calabar Diabetic Retinopathy Service, from inception to a state-wide service, research and training hub

3 June 2026 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Imaging
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a leading cause of preventable vision loss and blindness in people of working age globally [1]. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease of public health importance in Nigeria as it...

Iris-claw IOL implantation: Indications, outcomes and complications

5 August 2026 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. A comprehensive study evaluating the clinical indications, visual outcomes and complication rates...

Are hospital cataract services managing more complex cases?

5 August 2026 | | EYE - Cataract
An audit of referral pathways and case mix in hospital cataract services. Cataract is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, causing severe visual impairment, particularly within ageing populations [1]. Gradual lens opacification impairs contrast sensitivity, visual acuity and overall...

My Top Five: Emerging robotic and automated innovations in ophthalmological surgery

5 August 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Cataract, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Robotic technology is redefining the landscape of ophthalmological surgery by enabling micron-level precision and control beyond human capability. Intraocular microsurgery remains challenging to perform, with concerns about accuracy, tremor, precision, depth perception and dexterity. Moreover, conventional surgical tools have only...

General purpose AI: Transitioning from high performance in highly curated settings to useful applications in ophthalmology

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Artificial intelligence (AI) may be understood as the ability of machines to perform tasks which otherwise require human perception, reasoning, or learning. With the advent of deep learning, AI has achieved remarkable results across a wide range of medical tasks...

My Top Five: Foundation year 3 jobs for prospective ophthalmology candidates

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology specialist training (OST) is a fantastic career option, however, it is also a highly competitive specialty. There was a gradual rise in competition ratios in recent years: 3.24 (2019), 5.73 (2020), and 6.80 (2021) [1]. Many choose to pursue...

Diabetic retinopathy screening in Belize: a country’s journey towards reducing blindness from DR

1 February 2019 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The rise of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is a public health concern in the Caribbean. The Caribbean Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Programme, managed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and funded by the Queen Elizabeth...