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Systemic sarcoidosis presenting with acute myopia and angle closure

Case report A 40-year-old Asian man presented to the Emergency Department with a one day history of sudden onset visual disturbance in his right eye. He complained of image distortion and noted that objects now appeared smaller. He also described...

Appropriateness of online education material for leukocoria

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, reliability and readability of online patient education materials on leukocoria. A Google search was undertaken for leukocoria and white pupil. They identified and assessed the first 50 sources for both...

How common is optic disc drusen in young patients with NAION?

A retrospective notes review at two tertiary care centres was completed between 2009 and 2019. The inclusion criteria for the study was a diagnosis of nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in at least one eye, aged between 18 and...

Retinoblastoma management update (part 1): clinical features, diagnosis and genetics

The first of a two part series, this article will discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and genetic aspects of retinoblastoma. Manoj Parulekar is based at Birmingham Children’s Hospital, one of the two designated national retinoblastoma and paediatric ocular oncology treatment...

Strange Sequelae Succeeding ‘Surfer’s Eye’

Ophthalmologists in the UK are relatively infrequently faced with a patient requesting surgery for a pterygium. This condition is more common where ultraviolet exposure is greater, especially if coupled with activities associated with ocular surface irritation. For this reason, a...

XXII SARCS (State of the Art Refractive Cataract Surgery) Symposium 2024

by Andrew Bourne, BSc, MCOptom, DipTp(IP), Dip Glauc, Principal Optometrist, Hull & East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, UK. Once again, Milind Pande welcomed over 220 ophthalmologists and allied professionals to his annual symposium, this year held once again at the University...

The paediatric cataract: an overview of the diagnosis and management

In this second article (see first article here), Samuel Aryee and Rhys Dumont Jones review the challenges involved in managing this condition. Examination and diagnosis Cataracts in children can appear in a variety of forms, each presenting in a different...

Triamcinolone (TA) deposits following subcutaneous injection to treat chalazion

Chalazia are chronic lipogranulomatous inflammations of the eyelid secondary to a blocked meibomian gland. Whilst most resolve spontaneously, certain chalazia warrant treatment. Options include incision and curettage (I&C), lesion excision, intralesional steroid injections, and botox injections [1]. I&C is usually...

Retinoblastoma chemotherapeutic drugs and their toxic effects on RPE cells

There is reported clinical evidence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations after intra-arterial (IAC) and intravitreal chemotherapy (IViC) of retinoblastoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular toxic effects of melphalan, topotecan and carboplatin on the RPE...

Choroidal and RNFL thickness in patients with OSAS

In obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), hypoxia secondary to repetitive apnoeic episodes leads to blood pressure variations and haemodynamic changes. There is also intermittent activation of the sympathetic system when the patient is aroused from sleep during apnoeic episodes. OSAS...

Macular thickness and visual fields

The authors describe a comparison of spectral domain OCT with Humphrey visual fields (HVF) mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), examining the retinal thickness of the macula and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects. Seventy-three subjects who...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...