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Bioengineered human tissue

This is a literature review of the current status of tissue engineering related to ocular and oculoplastic reconstructive surgery. The authors describe the process of bioengineering for tissue reconstruction. The aim is to reproduce functional tissue by the use of...

A novel computerised portable pupillometer detects and quantifies relative afferent pupillary defect

We have all had referrals from A&E telling us that a patient can’t see out of one eye. Sleepily we may ask “Is there an relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?” to evaluate the seriousness of the presentation. The response is...

Development of testing protocols for high and low contrast visual acuity

Dysfunction of the afferent visual system, characterised by impairments in high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) have been demonstrated in some neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. HCVA and LCVA are also potential quantitative...

Neighbourhood deprivation and risk of age-related eye diseases

In this large epidemiological study, the authors sought to determine if neighbourhood wealth affects age-related ocular health. In particular they wished to see if there was a correlation between social deprivation and macular degeneration, cataract, diabetes-related eye complications, and glaucoma....

Results after 1.4mm biaxial cataract surgery and implantation of a new aspheric intraocular lens

The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical outcome and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after 1.4mm biaxial micro incision cataract surgery (B-MICS) and implantation of a new aspheric intraocular lens (IOL). A total of 157 eyes of 106 patients...

Aflibercept, bevacizumab or ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema

Macular oedema (MO) is a leading cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Whilst laser photocoagulation therapy has been the proven treatment for decades, studies over the last five years have also established a role for anti-VEGF agents...

Aqueous humour cytokine levels in PCV and nAMD

This study looks into the possible roles of various cytokines or growth factors in the pathogenesis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by comparing aqueous levels of 14 cytokines between eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and those with neovascular...

Outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis

This is a systematic, evidence-based literature review and meta-analysis, looking at the visual outcomes (vision 20/40 or better) of cataract surgery in uveitic eyes. The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL and CENTRAL, including English language and human studies only. They...

Ovarian hormones drive onset of Sjogren’s disease in mice

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a debilitating, sight-threatening, systemic autoimmune disease with no effective treatment available. SS is characterised by lacrimal gland lymphocytic infiltration and epithelial cell death, as well as by the presence of serum autoantibodies. Patients have severe dry...

Comparison of ganglion cell thinning in glaucoma vs. macular hole repair

This prospective study compared the changes in the photopic negative response of the focal macular electroretinogram (fmERG) caused by retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning at the macula between patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and 12 months after successful...

Inhibiting high-risk corneal allografts

The cornea is an immune privileged site and as such corneal transplants are very successful. However, in situations where this privilege is lost the failure rises substantially. To combat rejection inhibition of the immune responses depends on steroids and other...

The choroid in pregnancy

During pregnancy there can be different types of ocular changes including a decrease in corneal sensitivity, increase in central corneal thickness and curvature, decrease in intraocular pressure, central serous chorioretinopathy and ocular blood flow. Advances in ophthalmic imaging devices has...