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Management of diabetic macular oedema (DMO)

The authors present guidelines on current diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the management of DMO. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are recommended before starting treatment to help diagnose and stage DMO, and can be repeated if there...

Results of vitrectomy in epiretinal membranes secondary to retinal vein occlusions

This retrospective, observational multicentre study investigated the anatomic and functional results of vitrectomy associated with the peeling of secondary epiretinal membranes (ERM) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and determined the prognostic factors of surgical outcomes. Data was collected...

Complex Biometry Clinics: a new service development

In this article we describe a new local service development, the ‘Complex Biometry Clinic’ at Leicester Royal Infirmary. Retrospective data analysis of patients referred between October 2012 and October 2013 was performed. The aim was to provide a one-stop service...

How to examine the visual system Part 1: visual acuity, visual fields and eye movements

Asking candidates to perform an examination of the visual system, either as part of a full cranial nerve exam or as an individual entity, is a common station in practical examinations during medical school. It is important to practise for...

The Preston Rule

The selection, specification and fitting of a spectacle frame necessitates the recording of certain measurements particular to the frame. These measurements are also essential when it is required to manufacture a handmade spectacle frame. Instruments designed to accomplish this task...

Biomarkers reveal how patients with glaucoma may respond to treatment

Markers in the blood that predict whether glaucoma patients are at higher risk of continued loss of vision following conventional treatment have been identified by researchers at UCL and Moorfields Eye Hospital.

Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicines in Ophthalmology (Second Edition)

With advancement in science and technology in the last decade, the role of biomaterials and regenerative medicines has become increasingly important in the management of various ocular disorders. This book highlights the role of biomaterials in the restoration of vision...

Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology (Fourth Edition)

No matter what speciality you do there will always be a couple of core textbooks that everyone seems to recommend. When it comes to ophthalmology one of the most commonly cited ones is the Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology. Having used...

Surgical options for the treatment of hyperopia

The modern refractive surgeon has a variety of options available to treat patients with hyperopia who wish to be independent of spectacles and contact lenses. Unlike in low myopia where presbyopic patients may have the ability to see well for...

Forward-tilt technique for intraocular pressure measurement in upgaze

The authors suggest a technique to improve the accuracy of measuring IOP in upgaze using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory condition affecting the orbit and periorbital tissues [1]. It was...

A pituitary tumour from 1927

The author shares a clinical case from Edinburgh Royal Infirmary’s archives. It is not often in the course of a clinical career that one gets the opportunity to review a patient who had been treated by a pioneer neurosurgeon some...

Pseudophakic Monovision: A Clinical Guide

The contents of this small volume should provide useful tips for all ophthalmic practitioners involved with managing patients undergoing cataract surgery. For those ophthalmic clinicians and supporting staff not familiar with the potential options for achieving a spectacle independent refractive...