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Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology Afferent course 2026

Objective: the aim is to review the physiology and the pathology of optic nerve disorders.

Myasthenia gravis presenting with isolated ptosis: a poorly studied subgroup

Investigation into the cause of one isolated symptom or sign can be challenging if that particular sign may be caused by a variety of pathological processes, affecting different tissues, and presenting to different specialties. Unilateral ptosis is a case in...

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 1)

Part 1: Epidemiology, classification, radiology, histopathology and associations (see Part 2 here) In this two-part series, Li Yen Goh reviews IgG4 disease and reminds us of diagnostic challenges faced. Introduction Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) disease is a recently recognised idiopathic systemic...

Typical and atypical optic neuritis – diagnosis and initial management

Optic neuritis is a relatively common presentation to ophthalmologists in the acute setting. The vast majority are cases of ‘typical’ optic neuritis (ON) but a smaller group of conditions, so-called, ‘atypical’ optic neuritides require a different work-up and management strategy....

Distance esotropia due to excessive near work

The authors aimed to review cases with divergence insufficiency esotropia in 12 young adults associated with excessive near work. Patients were aged 28.17 ±4.06 years and had normal external, anterior / posterior segment examinations and no neurological signs. Ten had...

Serology testing in periocular inflammatory disease

This is a review article of serological tests in thyroid eye disease, IgG4-related disease and myasthenia gravis. The authors provide an overview of the current serology with a brief description of how they relate to the pathogenesis of each condition....

Visual prognosis in Irish Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited optic neuropathy This paper presents a retrospective review of clinical data from patients with LHON presenting to an Irish tertiary referral ophthalmic hospital. Clinical and genetic characteristics were assessed for useful biomarkers...

Use of international interocular difference thresholds for optic neuritis diagnosis in clinical practice

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young people, and visual symptoms can be the initial manifestation in up to 20% of cases. Retinal examination can be helpful in making the correct diagnosis. The latest...

Blurred vision post liver transplant: to blame the house cat or not?

This article outlines a case of atypical ocular toxoplasmosis associated with immunosuppression. There were two potential sources of infection in this patient and we describe how we concluded which was the most likely. Case report A 33-year-old female was referred...

Local surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

This is a retrospective review of a new surgical treatment of intractable periorbital neuropathic pain. Five patients with post-herpetic (three), post-traumatic (one) and idiopathic (one) neuralgia underwent transection of the nerves supplying the dermatomes affected by the neuropathic pain. The...

Can OCT predict Alzheimer’s disease?

Simerdip Kaur takes a look at the latest ophthalmology-related news stories and asks which are based on facts and which are ‘fake news’. Headline: Can OCT predict Alzheimer’s disease? In 1986 Hinton et al. demonstrated evidence of optic nerve degeneration...

Multiple sclerosis and the ocular manifestations

This population study retrospectively identified patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a 14-year period. The aim of the study was to report the frequency and severity of ocular conditions associated with MS. Cases were identified from the Rochester Epidemiology Project....