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Infections related to strabismus surgery

This review considers the range of infections occurring with strabismus surgery. Extraocular infections include conjunctiva, sub Tenon’s abscess and orbital cellulitis. Intraocular infection includes endophthalmitis. Prevention of infection and risk factors includes the issue of scleral penetration and use of...

Changes in axial length and refraction in young Chinese school children

The authors aimed to assess refractive error and axial length in children aged seven to eight years (grades 1-2) starting education in South China. The study reviewed 301 students and obtained data for analysis from 291 (50.2% female). Average axial...

Anything new in the control of myopia progression?

This is a review article looking at up to date concepts and evidence in myopia control from current literature and studies. The authors identified that myopia control is best measured in absolute change in axial length as opposed to refraction...

Understanding retinal ciliopathy through Bardet-Biedl syndrome

This is a review article looking at up-to-date understanding and ongoing research in retinal ciliopathies. Syndromic ciliopathies consist of a group of disorders caused by ciliary dysfunction or abnormal ciliogenesis. These disorders have multiorgan involvement in addition to retinal degeneration...

A to Z of X-linked retinopathies

This review article provides an excellent summary of X-linked retinopathies and the corresponding genotype and clinical features. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of each condition in terms of its pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings, electrophysiology changes and any current...

Bacterial keratitis through the window of the known unknowns

This review article provides an up-to-date summary of current challenges in research and management of bacterial keratitis. The authors highlight that there is no current agreement on the criteria that should define bacterial keratitis; the role of investigation is unclear,...

All you need to know about PIC

This is a review article of punctate inner chorioretinopathy (PIC). The authors detail the epidemiology and clinic presentation of the disease. They recognise the challenge of an accurate diagnosis due to its resemblance to other posterior uveitic entities. Multimodal imaging...

Spot diagnosis? The white dot syndromes

This review article provides an up-to-date summary of white spot syndromes. The authors explain that the white spot syndromes form a group of inflammatory retinal disorders with distinct lesion distribution and progression patterns. Multimodal imaging has revealed unique phenotypes, enhancing...

Under pressure: the constant drive to improve IOP monitoring

The authors offer a comprehensive overview of interplay between glaucoma and intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP measurement principles and historical measurement techniques and progress in IOP measurement devices. The authors explore the issues surrounding current thinking in IOP measurement and its...

Sirolimus for lymphatic-venous malformation

This is a case report on the use of oral sirolimus in the treatment of lymphatic-venous malformations. This condition can often be sight-threatening when present in the orbit and traditional management options have included observation, sclerotherapy and surgery. Both sclerotherapy...

Ground control to optic nerve – the space oddity to be studied

The authors explore the clinical entity that is known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). Its clinical characteristics include optic disc oedema, hyperopic refractive shifts, globe flattening, and chorioretinal folds, may pose a health risk for future space exploration. Understanding...