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Use of international interocular difference thresholds for optic neuritis diagnosis in clinical practice
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young people, and visual symptoms can be the initial manifestation in up to 20% of cases. Retinal examination can be helpful in making the correct diagnosis. The latest...Diary from my elective: a Parisian experience
The author explains how a research institute’s dedication to multidisciplinary collaboration helped him to discover a passion for academic ophthalmology. The elective aspect to the final year of a medical degree, through its change of scenery and immersion into another...Psychiatric Consequences of Ophthalmic Disease
In part two of this series on ophthalmology and psychiatry, the authors will cover the possible psychiatric consequences of ophthalmic disease. The following conditions will be discussed: a. Black patch psychosis b. Psychological state in blindness c. Phobias in the...
Assessment and management of dry eye disease
This paper is an update on the assessment and management of dry eye disease (DED). According to the second International Dry Eye Workshop 2017, “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterised by a loss of homoeostasis...
Risk factors for surgical failure in nasolacrimal duct obstruction
This study considered possible associated patient anatomic or physiologic factors for initial surgical failure of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). This was a retrospective study analysing risk factors for patients with successful initial surgery in comparison to patients requiring multiple surgeries....Gene therapy for inherited retinal disease: the Manchester Ocular Gene Therapy Group MDT service
The authors describe the process set up in Manchester for the optimum delivery and assessment of a new gene therapy treatment for patients with RPE65 IRD. Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are the second commonest cause of severe visual impairment in...
Neighbourhood deprivation and risk of age-related eye diseases
In this large epidemiological study, the authors sought to determine if neighbourhood wealth affects age-related ocular health. In particular they wished to see if there was a correlation between social deprivation and macular degeneration, cataract, diabetes-related eye complications, and glaucoma....Eyes on Rwanda: Lessons from an international ophthalmology experience
On the 26 February 2025, I travelled to Rwanda on the invitation of a former Belfast trainee, Michael Mikhail. Michael is now one of only two vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons in Rwanda, a country with a population of 14 million. Born...Refraction planning in cataract: avoid creating an unhappy patient
“It is much more important to know what sort of a patient has a disease than what sort of a disease a patient has.” William Osler The focus of this paper is the prevention of an unhappy patient following cataract...
Laissez-faire approach for medial canthus tumours
This is a retrospective comparative case series of patients who underwent reconstruction of a medial canthal defect using laissez-faire approach (LFS), or a full-thickness skin graft (FTSG). The surgical options were discussed with the patient and the treatment decision was...
MR- vs. LR+ for divergence insufficiency
A retrospective study was conducted to compare the efficacy of medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection as surgical interventions for divergence insufficiency in 18 patients. These were cases of non-neurological cause. Two patients in each group required postoperative adjustment....
