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Ciclosporin and dry eye

11 June 2026 | | EYE - Cornea
Dry eye has an estimated prevalence of between 5 and 50% worldwide and has physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences for the human population [1]. Loss of tear film homeostasis with associated ocular surface inflammation causes symptoms ranging from ‘tired’ eyes...

Optimising the ocular surface by managing meibomian gland dysfunction

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cornea
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is ubiquitous. Ocular surface inflammation and irritation are prevalent in most ophthalmology clinics: corneal, cataract, glaucoma, oculoplastic, paediatric, vitreo-retinal, medical retina and refractive surgery. These patients also represent roughly one third of those attending for emergency...

Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Oculoplastic
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Demodex blepharitis: A transatlantic comparison of treatments available in the UK and US

1 April 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Oculoplastic
Demodex blepharitis is widely recognised among eyecare professionals as an important cause of chronic lid margin inflammation, dry eye and ocular surface diseases. The characteristic feature for diagnosis is the presence of waxy deposit at the lash bases on slit...

Cataract surgery in corneal disease

3 June 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Cataract
Cataract surgery in the presence of corneal disease presents multiple challenges, from determining whether symptoms are lenticular or corneal in origin, to decisions regarding timing of surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, IOL selection, surgical technique and perioperative care. Realistic...

Non-organic visual loss

2 December 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Patients can present to eye departments with various signs and symptoms (mostly symptoms) with no obvious organic cause. These patients can be labelled with any of a wide range of diagnoses such as functional visual loss, functional overlay, psychosomatic reaction...

Recurrent unilateral preseptal cellulitis secondary to herpes simplex virus infection

3 April 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction Periorbital (sometimes called preseptal cellulitis) is a common condition which on its own is not normally an ophthalmic or surgical emergency, however it has the potential to cause severe and serious morbidity in cases where the infection has crossed...

Oculogyric crisis with B12 deficiency

1 June 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
An oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a dystonic movement disorder of the eyes which can last from seconds to hours. Although there is no published diagnostic criteria for OGC, typically the onset is acute, and it is characterised by conjugate upward...

Optic nerve swelling – your survival guide (part 2)

1 December 2017 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
In this second article we will discuss bilateral optic nerve swelling, its aetiology, various investigations and possible treatments. We will also discuss various protocols used in the management of suspected optic nerve swelling cases. (Part one of this topic available...

Decoding the red eye

15 February 2021 | | EYE - Cornea
Red eye, or hyperaemia, is one of the most common presentations to primary care [1] and the emergency department [2]. However, despite this the underlying cause is often misdiagnosed which can lead to severe, sight-threatening conditions being missed [1]. Thorough...

My Top Five: Red flag presentations all resident doctors must know

18 December 2025 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Ophthalmic emergencies are time-critical situations where delays in recognition or management can lead to permanent vision loss [1]. For resident doctors and medical students, identifying these red flags can be daunting, especially given the complexity of the eye and its...