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Unilateral central scotoma following dengue fever

12 October 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Case report A 16-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the eye casualty at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust by the infectious diseases unit in September 2013. He gave a history of photophobia, pain on eye movements and central blurred vision...

Orbital cellulitis - an overview of the diagnosis and management

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
Periorbital (preseptal) and orbital cellulitis are infections of the subcutaneous tissues of the eye. They are differentiated by the location of the infection. Periorbital cellulitis refers to infection of the eyelid and subcutaneous tissues anterior to the orbital septum, whereas...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

15 February 2023 | | EYE - General
*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Ciclosporin and dry eye

11 June 2026 | | EYE - Cornea
Dry eye has an estimated prevalence of between 5 and 50% worldwide and has physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences for the human population [1]. Loss of tear film homeostasis with associated ocular surface inflammation causes symptoms ranging from ‘tired’ eyes...

Optimising the ocular surface by managing meibomian gland dysfunction

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cornea
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is ubiquitous. Ocular surface inflammation and irritation are prevalent in most ophthalmology clinics: corneal, cataract, glaucoma, oculoplastic, paediatric, vitreo-retinal, medical retina and refractive surgery. These patients also represent roughly one third of those attending for emergency...

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Oculoplastic
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Demodex blepharitis: A transatlantic comparison of treatments available in the UK and US

1 April 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Oculoplastic
Demodex blepharitis is widely recognised among eyecare professionals as an important cause of chronic lid margin inflammation, dry eye and ocular surface diseases. The characteristic feature for diagnosis is the presence of waxy deposit at the lash bases on slit...

Cataract surgery in corneal disease

3 June 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Cataract
Cataract surgery in the presence of corneal disease presents multiple challenges, from determining whether symptoms are lenticular or corneal in origin, to decisions regarding timing of surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, IOL selection, surgical technique and perioperative care. Realistic...

Beyond the Snellen Chart: Essential ophthalmology skills for a junior doctor

5 October 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma
Despite the clinical weight of the field, ophthalmology was a specialty we encountered infrequently during our early medical training. In spite of limited formal exposure during undergraduate and postgraduate training, eye-related presentations were a regular feature of our day-to-day work...

Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

Non-organic visual loss

2 December 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Patients can present to eye departments with various signs and symptoms (mostly symptoms) with no obvious organic cause. These patients can be labelled with any of a wide range of diagnoses such as functional visual loss, functional overlay, psychosomatic reaction...

Recurrent unilateral preseptal cellulitis secondary to herpes simplex virus infection

3 April 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction Periorbital (sometimes called preseptal cellulitis) is a common condition which on its own is not normally an ophthalmic or surgical emergency, however it has the potential to cause severe and serious morbidity in cases where the infection has crossed...