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Emerging therapies for geographic atrophy: complement inhibitors show potential to slow progression and preserve RPE and photoreceptor integrity

5 June 2023 |
Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterised by progressive, irreversible loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors and is estimated to account for approximately 10% of AMD-related blindness [1-4]. The Age-Related Eye...

Insights on medical AI for ophthalmology: an update on current perspectives

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
Artificial intelligence (AI) has immense promise for revolutionising medical practice. Generative AI is a form of AI in which algorithms are trained on datasets that can be used to generate new content, such as text, images or video based on...

Managing cataract surgery in a patient with diabetic maculopathy

1 August 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
A 56-year-old type 2 diabetic with previously treated bilateral diabetic maculopathy develops a cataract requiring surgery in the right eye. He has had grid laser previously, followed intermittently by intravitreal triamcinalone, Avastin and more recently Lucentis in both eyes. His...
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery cover image.

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age-related cataracts

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
Cataractogenesis occurs as a result of ageing, smoking, exposure to UV radiation and genetic predisposition. Antioxidants can reduce the cataract risk as found in animal models and humans and vitamin D is one of them. This epidemiological study based in...
Neuro-ophthalmology front cover image.

Using frequency doubling technology perimetry to identify Alzheimer’s disease early

1 June 2014 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Alzheimer’s disease is widely reported to be associated with deficits in visual function. Visual disturbances include impaired stereopsis, contrast sensitivity and motion detection. Deficits specific to the magnocellular pathway (MGC) have been identified in Alzheimer’s disease. This article compares the...
British Journal of Ophthalmology cover image.

Intracameral mydriasis with Mydrane

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive | Lens And Zonules, Pharmacology, Pupil, Treatment Surgery
The aim of this study is to evaluate the ‘real world’ experience in a UK setting for intracameral Mydrane mydriasis in routine cataract surgery. A prospective consecutive series of 60 patients (group 2) had intraoperative, intracameral Mydrane (tropicamide 0.02%, phenylephrine...
The Journal of Paediatrics Ophthalmology & Strabismus front cover image.

Visual characteristics of spina bifida myelomeningocele

3 April 2026 | | EYE - Paediatrics
Ireland has a relatively high rate of spina bifida (SB), with a neural tube defect rate of 1.05 per 1000 births of which 47% are SB. This study was an audit of SB myelomeningocele (SBM) cases over an 8-year period,...

Optimising the ocular surface by managing meibomian gland dysfunction

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cornea
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is ubiquitous. Ocular surface inflammation and irritation are prevalent in most ophthalmology clinics: corneal, cataract, glaucoma, oculoplastic, paediatric, vitreo-retinal, medical retina and refractive surgery. These patients also represent roughly one third of those attending for emergency...

A pituitary tumour from 1927

1 April 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
The author shares a clinical case from Edinburgh Royal Infirmary’s archives. It is not often in the course of a clinical career that one gets the opportunity to review a patient who had been treated by a pioneer neurosurgeon some...

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (part 2): primary angle closure

1 December 2016 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging
Patients with primary angle closure or primary angle closure glaucoma [PAC(G)] comprise a significant subgroup affecting around 10% of glaucoma patients amongst Caucasians. Assessment of the patient with angle closure, or narrow angles, requires gonioscopy. However, whilst identifying the presence...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)

3 June 2021 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
IIH is a medical condition where the intracranial pressure (ICP) is raised without an obvious cause. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in by the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles and the roof of the third and fourth ventricles,...

My message to future ophthalmology teaching fellows: Organising an effective ophthalmology placement

2 October 2025 | | EYE - General
Globally, teaching ophthalmology during the undergraduate period presents challenges. The time allocated for it is minimal with substandard exposure [1,2]. Additionally, the number of universities mandating formal ophthalmology education has significantly declined [3]. Research supports the observation that doctors in...