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Moorfields Education: Hot topics in comprehensive ophthalmology

Hot topics in comprehensive ophthalmology is a course for people who work in the field suitable for comprehensive/general ophthalmologists, urgent care and primary care, optometrists and nurse practitioners. This is an update on common themes which appear in the comprehensive...

Pathological myopia: a trainer’s perceptive

High myopia is defined as myopic refraction of greater than -6 dioptres with an axial length greater than 26.5mm, while pathological myopia is myopic refraction with posterior pole degeneration [1]. These degenerative changes can affect a young population and in...

Nicotine accelerates diabetes induced retinal changes

This study investigated the influence of nicotine in an experimentally induced diabetic rat model. They used non-invasive high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging to provide quantitative information on the temporal alterations of retinal structures at the micrometer resolution...

ABCA1 mediates lipid efflux in the retina

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. There are two forms of AMD, dry and wet, the latter so named because of the presence of choroidal neovascularisation. Both forms lead to retinal pigment...

A mouse model for uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant tumour arising within the eye and is a severe threat for both sight and life, due to a high risk of metastasis. There are no animal models of UM, but the Tg(Grm1)...

Reduced blood flow and age-related macular degeneration

This was a prospective cross-sectional study assessing changes in blood flow velocity in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using a retinal function imager. Sixty eyes with wet AMD were compared to 53 control eyes and the average blood flow...

Complement factor B polymorphism and the phenotype of early age-related macular degeneration

The relationship between complement factor H (CFH) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is very well known, but other genetic polymorphisms relating to AMD are more poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between complement factor B (CFB)...

Reduction of severe visual loss and complications following IAC for RB

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with retinoblastoma (RB) who required intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) between 2013 and 2015, who had relapsed following systemic chemotherapy. A total of nine patients were included in the study and their ocular complications...

Risk factors and untreated POAG

The authors examined 50 untreated open angle glaucoma patients to determine if there was an association between the level of glaucomatous damage and documented risk factors. In this study the authors measured the extent of morphologic and functional glaucomatous damage...

Lacquer cracks

The purpose of this Japanese study was to analyse the morphologic features and natural progression patterns of lacquer cracks (LC). The presence of linear hyperfluorescence on the fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was used as the standard for diagnosing the presence...

A prospective trial of adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma

Patients diagnosed with iris, ciliary body or choroidal melanoma of high-risk tumour cytogenetics (monosomy 3>/= 20% of cells), were treated with adjuvant low-dose dacarbacine (DTIC) and interferon –alpha-2b (IFNA-2b), following primary treatment (enucleation, brachytherapy or resection). DTIC was given intravenously...

Risk of CNV related to angioid streaks in PXE

This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated 301 patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) for prevalence of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and macular atrophy. Some patients were excluded due to missing or poor-quality imaging or the fact that they didn’t have angioid streaks, leaving...