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Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?
1 August 2017
| James F (Barry) Cullen
|
EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Part 2: Clinical varieties, anatomical considerations and case report (see also Part 1 and Part 3) For ophthalmologists there are four types of pituitary tumour to be considered, three of which are named according to the hormone secreted, along with...
The refractive index in the eye lens – implications for clinical practice and optical design
1 August 2016
| Barbara K Pierscionek (Prof), Andy T Augousti (Prof)
|
EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The eye may appear to be a comparatively simple organ and yet its optical system is complex and continues to be a source of investigation and research. The major optical elements are considered to be the cornea and the lens...
Headache: the clue is in the eyes
1 October 2021
| Parushak Rezai, Aleksandra Pekacka
|
EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
A worrying cause of headache is raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Papilloedema is a vital clue for accurate diagnosis and performing fundoscopy is essential in detecting this sign. The authors review the use of fundoscopy in their own district general hospital....
Understanding spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): what do we know?
Introduction Formerly known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), space-related neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is defined by a collection of ophthalmic and neurological findings in astronauts after long-term spaceflight [1]. Changes in the eyeball, such as hyperopic shift, during...
Higher risk of poor functional outcome in the presence of visual deficits post-stroke
4 October 2023
| Lauren R Hepworth
|
EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
The authors present a retrospective case review with the aim of reporting the disability outcomes of individuals 90-days post stroke with and without visual deficits. The Houston Methodist Hospital Outcomes-based Prospective Endpoints in Stroke (HOPES) Registry was used as the...
Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 2)
3 April 2023
| Li Yen Goh
Part 2: Clinical presentation and treatment (see part 1 here) Introduction IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is understood to have a vast clinicopathological spectrum; nearly every organ has had reported involvement. Similarly, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is known to affect nearly every...
Jun/Jul 2017 Quiz
History A 57-year-old female patient presented with gradual painless diplopia over the last six months. Examination revealed restricted upward eye movements and 4mm proptosis which did not increase with Valsalva manoeuvre. Intraocular pressure was normal, no visual defects were noted,...Apr/May 2014 Quiz 2
1 April 2014
| Konstantinos Balaskas
|
EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
History A 29-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a two week history of floaters and patchy peripheral visual field loss in the left eye (LE). She had no relevant medical history and she was not on any current...
Diagnosis and management of IV cranial nerve palsy
1 October 2017
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EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Aetiology: Trochlear nerve palsy can be divided into acute or congenital. Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is usually noted in childhood with development of abnormal head posture. Various pathologies can lead to acute IV nerve palsy, most commonly trauma. Other causes...
Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)
2 August 2022
| Ali Yagan
|
EYE - General
Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: a case study
3 June 2024
| Miguel Kurc
|
EYE - General
A 44-year-old patient presents with binocular, mostly horizontal diplopia when fixating on moving objects. This has been ongoing for approximately five years. He is known to have multiple sclerosis and had an episode of optic neuritis six years prior in...
Choroidal folds
1 August 2014
| H Ali, Sumith Perera
|
EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Choroidal folds are undulations of the choroid, Bruch’s membrane and pigment epithelium, with wrinkling of the overlying retina. They may be idiopathic but can also be caused by a number of different conditions. Case report A 60-year-old male patient was...
