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How to get the most out of your medical school ophthalmology placement

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology has become a very popular speciality, generating a vast interest amongst medical students with competition for training posts increasing yearly. Yet it is often difficult to get adequate exposure to the speciality prior to applications, with very limited time...

In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

1 April 2018 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging
In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

Ophthalmology elective in China

2 April 2025 | | EYE - General
Wandering through the bustling streets of Zhejiang, China, immersed in the harmonious blend of modernity and tradition, I made my way to the Eye Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine. The aroma of traditional Chinese...

My message to future ophthalmology teaching fellows: Organising an effective ophthalmology placement

2 October 2025 | | EYE - General
Globally, teaching ophthalmology during the undergraduate period presents challenges. The time allocated for it is minimal with substandard exposure [1,2]. Additionally, the number of universities mandating formal ophthalmology education has significantly declined [3]. Research supports the observation that doctors in...

The refractive index in the eye lens – implications for clinical practice and optical design

1 August 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The eye may appear to be a comparatively simple organ and yet its optical system is complex and continues to be a source of investigation and research. The major optical elements are considered to be the cornea and the lens...

How to examine the visual system Part 1: visual acuity, visual fields and eye movements

1 June 2014 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Asking candidates to perform an examination of the visual system, either as part of a full cranial nerve exam or as an individual entity, is a common station in practical examinations during medical school. It is important to practise for...

Brain tumours in adults: the essentials for an ophthalmologist

1 August 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
The author provides a review of the common intracranial tumours in adults (other than pituitaries) which may present to an ophthalmologist. Primary malignant brain tumours comprise 3% of adult cancers but with an ageing population such tumours are becoming more...

A focus on Pakistan’s growing eye care needs: over 43 million patients treated for curable blindness free of charge

5 February 2020 | | EYE - General
With 90% of the world’s visually impaired living in developing countries, Pakistan is no exception to this on-going global healthcare challenge. Despite massive leaps over the last few decades in targeting this issue, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that...

Towards virtual reality conferences?

5 August 2020 | | EYE - General
COVID-19 is forcing us to reconsider every aspect of life. The authors ask what future ophthalmic meetings could look like. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic disrupted ophthalmic conferences resulting in the cancellation of the majority of meetings in 2020, e.g....

Ophthalmic learning through the lens of cognitivism and constructivism

9 October 2020 | | EYE - General
Learning in ophthalmology is multi-faceted, from understanding the fundamentals of eye anatomy and physiology to higher order skills such as performing cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Having a strong foundation in the basics is a necessity for higher order knowledge synthesis,...

My top five: Trinkets of fact or fiction

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
Trinkets of adult wisdom are often delivered to children alongside warnings of catastrophic outcomes. In this article we present five ‘facts’ about eye health and vision and ask the question: to what extent are these ideas backed up by literature?...

My journey as advanced ophthalmic emergency nurse practitioner

4 February 2025 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Grace Eni explores her own achievements as an advanced nurse practitioner, emphasising the influential range and significance of this role in ophthalmic care. A pioneering position and job title in the UK and possibly globally, advanced nurse practitioner roles were...