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Development of testing protocols for high and low contrast visual acuity

Dysfunction of the afferent visual system, characterised by impairments in high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) have been demonstrated in some neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. HCVA and LCVA are also potential quantitative...

Retrospective review of visual outcomes in Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a clinical syndrome characterised by headache and papilloedema that can lead to significant visual morbidity. IIH is diagnosed by the modified Dandy criteria, which include normal neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, high CSF opening...

Exploring the potential of neurodegenerative disease screening within age-related eye disease research

The authors recruited healthy controls aged between 60 and 75-years-old, previously enrolled into a registry as patients following cataract surgery without age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Exclusion criteria included dense cataract, retinal disease, ocular inflammatory disease, moderate glaucoma, optic neuropathy, cancer,...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): what happens to eye movements?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract and lower motor neurons in brainstem nuclei and the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Limited literature is available on abnormal ocular movements in...

Recurrent unilateral preseptal cellulitis secondary to herpes simplex virus infection

Introduction Periorbital (sometimes called preseptal cellulitis) is a common condition which on its own is not normally an ophthalmic or surgical emergency, however it has the potential to cause severe and serious morbidity in cases where the infection has crossed...

Crombie comes home: Tips and hacks for the FRCOphth Part 1

This article offers a reflection on preparation, strategies and insights gained while preparing for a first exam encounter: the FRCOphth Part 1. Preparing for the FRCOphth Part 1, the first major hurdle on the path to fellowship of the Royal...

A new observation point: updating the nomenclature and classification with OCT

The evolution of ophthalmic imaging technologies has been particularly rapid over the last few years. The author provides an update of the current terms for common signs and pathologies observed using optical coherence tomography. My experience as an ophthalmic technician,...

Paediatric optic disc anomalies

Anomalies of the optic nerve are relatively rare, but account for a significant proportion of sight impairment in children and adults. The recognition of these anomalies by eye health professionals is important not only due to their potential impact on...

End stage glaucoma management

A 48-year-old female has had multiple drug treatment for glaucoma and is still losing field of vision. How do you manage this over time? This patient is at high-risk for going blind and should be managed aggressively to protect remaining...

Congenital cataract

Congenital cataract is the clouding or opacification of the lens that occurs at birth or weeks after (infantile cataract). They can be unilateral or bilateral and vary in form, size and location, and consequently the visual impact, management course and...

Management of retinal diseases: highlights from the AAO 2019 Retina Subspecialty Day Meeting

The author highlights current debate, opinion and late breaking developments in the management of retinal diseases. The American Academy of Ophthalmology’s 2019 Retina Subspecialty Day Meeting was held on 11-12 October, 2019 in San Francisco, USA. Established and emerging innovative...

My neuro-ophthalmology elective: Weill Cornell Medicine

First and foremost, it’s important to evaluate the reasons for pursuing a clinical elective in the US. Personally, I had been set on completing my specialty training (residency) in the US since my third year of medical school, and an...