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Outcomes at 100 weeks from the LEAVO study of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion

23 May 2019 |
Royal College of Ophthalmologists Annual Congress 2019, Glasgow - First presented and discussed on Monday 20 May 2019, with a further presentation of results during Retina Subspecialty Day on Thursday 23 May 2019. Among patients with macular oedema secondary to...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

1 August 2014 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

Retinoblastoma – the challenges of a rare cancer and the role of international partnerships

4 October 2023 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
Introduction: the global challenge The global burden of retinoblastoma (Rb) is one in 15,000-18,000 live births, which equates to 8000 new cases worldwide each year. The global disparities in Rb outcome represent a paradigm of health inequality worldwide [1]. In...

My Top Five: Key insights from recent research into uveitis in adults

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Uveitis, characterised by inflammation of the uvea – the eye’s middle layer comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid – remains a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide [1]. It primarily affects adults aged 20–50 years. Untreated uveitis may cause...

Non-organic visual loss

2 December 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Patients can present to eye departments with various signs and symptoms (mostly symptoms) with no obvious organic cause. These patients can be labelled with any of a wide range of diagnoses such as functional visual loss, functional overlay, psychosomatic reaction...

It’s not always GCA

7 December 2020 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an immune mediated granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects muscular middle or large sized arteries. It is considered as a continuation of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) when the severity of the disease has increased. It is the...

High-stakes scenarios in retinal vein occlusion: A survey of medico-legal implications

2 October 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Glaucoma
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, and its clinical complexity often intersects with medico-legal scrutiny [1]. Missteps in timely diagnosis, inadequate follow-up or poor documentation can lead to patient harm...

Macula re-attachment following intravitreal ranibizumab in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

1 February 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Ranibizumab (Lucentis) is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (anti-VEGF) used for treatment of choroidal neovascular membrane [1]. We report a case where macula off inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was misdiagnosed as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and three intravitreal...

A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis and management of Sands of Sahara Syndrome

1 October 2018 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Sands of Sahara syndrome (diffuse lamellar keratitis) is a rare postoperative complication of Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Its estimated prevalence is reported to be 2-4% among LASIK cases [1], despite that, it is more likely to be encountered by...

The Leicester Grading System for Foveal Hypoplasia

1 April 2020 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit have published the first medical grading system named after the city of Leicester. Infantile nystagmus is characterised by constant and involuntary eye movements and affects 24 per 10,000 people [1]. Onset is usually...

NICE drugs: an update on what’s good to go

1 June 2014 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Treatment options recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) must be readily available for use in the NHS of England and Wales. This article provides an overview of recent guidance from NICE and summary advice issued...

Belfast briefing: Retina Day roundup from the RCOphth 2024 Annual Congress

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Belfast hosted this year’s Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ (RCOphth) Annual Congress, a meeting dedicated to sharing advances, knowledge and clinical practice points in ophthalmic care. This article summarises selected talks by medical and surgical retina specialists during the Retina Subspecialty...