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My Top Five: Ophthalmology learning tools for doctors

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Starting a career in ophthalmology can be both exciting and demanding. Despite its captivating and broad nature, ophthalmology often proves challenging for beginners around the globe due to limited exposure during medical school [1–5]. Fortunately, plenty of resources are available,...

Beyond vision loss: Why doctors should know about Charles Bonnet Syndrome

19 January 2026 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Over 250 years have passed since Charles Bonnet’s seminal essay, in which he described the symptoms of the syndrome that now takes his name [1]. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) describes the occurrence of visual hallucinations in people with significant visual...

My Top Five: Preparing for the Duke Elder examination: My tips for success

3 June 2026 | | EYE - General
The Duke Elder Examination is a prestigious ophthalmology exam, open to all medical undergraduates. It is a prize examination, consisting of 90 multiple-choice questions in two hours, testing students on ophthalmology content beyond the undergraduate curriculum. With notoriously tough questions,...

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 1)

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Part 1: Epidemiology, classification, radiology, histopathology and associations (see Part 2 here) In this two-part series, Li Yen Goh reviews IgG4 disease and reminds us of diagnostic challenges faced. Introduction Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) disease is a recently recognised idiopathic systemic...

Are we short-sighted about myopia?

1 December 2017 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Worldwide prevalence of myopia has increased rapidly in recent years and has now reached epidemic levels, particularly in South-East Asia where prevalence is around 80% [1-4]. Myopia prevalence is also increasing in the United States and Europe where it is...

The challenges of rural optometry and how independent prescribing has helped

1 February 2017 | | EYE - General
Why move from a busy professional independent Aberdeen optometry practice over 200 miles to one of the most remote places in the United Kingdom? I could talk about the professional challenge of supporting a rural community, or the chance to...

Meeting the needs of older patients in optics

1 February 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Fiona Anderson discusses the important role of community-based eyecare practitioners in meeting the visual needs of ageing patients. It has been well documented that today we live for longer. Statistics show in 1997, around one in every six people (15.9%)...

Illuminating task lighting

1 October 2019 | | EYE - General
Good lighting is always important but especially for patients who are visually impaired. Janet Pooley provides an overview. We tend to discuss lighting with patients when their vision is reduced, and where we are considering higher reading adds or low...

Caring for adults with an ocular tumour

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Detection If you screen for an intraocular tumour, dilate the pupil. If the patient is driving, use phenylephrine only. If the patient declines, document this in the casenotes. Don’t forget to look for sentinel vessels, which would indicate a ciliary...

A patient report of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, angioid streaks and choroidal neovascularisation

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Angioid streaks (AS) on their own do not cause many problems, with the majority of patients remaining asymptomatic [1]. However, once choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) occurs, the visual prognosis of the patient rapidly declines [2]. Treatment is imperative to try and...

Recurrent corneal erosions secondary to isotretinoin use

7 December 2020 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma
Isotretinoin (13–cis-retinoic acid) is the first line treatment for moderate to severe nodulocystic or papulopustular acne [1,2]. Although it is a safe medication, it has several adverse side-effects, including ophthalmic manifestations, as shown in Table 1 [3]. These side-effects need...

Unilateral central scotoma following dengue fever

12 October 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Case report A 16-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the eye casualty at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust by the infectious diseases unit in September 2013. He gave a history of photophobia, pain on eye movements and central blurred vision...