Journal Reviews

The effect of caffeine on pupil size and accommodation

7 April 2021 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology | Caffeine, accommodation, pupil diameter, visual function

Twenty-two young and healthy participants were recruited in this study. The authors showed that pupil size increased as a result of caffeine consumption. A more stable (lower variability of accommodation) accommodative response (AR) was induced by caffeine intake, whereas the...

Smartphone use and its effects on eyes

5 June 2020 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease | Smartphone, accommodation, binocular vision, blink, digital device, ocular surface, ocular symptoms, tear function

Longitudinal pilot study on 12 young healthy adults comparing effects of smartphone use over a 60-minute period. Reading conditions and smartphone use was standardised for all participants. Ocular symptoms, tear function and binocular vision were assessed before and after each...

AC/A measurement differences

1 June 2019 | | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus | AC/A ratio, accommodation, convergence, measurement methods

The authors sought to investigate differences in stimulus accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio using various techniques and accommodative stimuli. The study included 81 orthoptic students; 15 males and 66 females with a mean age of 21 years ±1. Ocular deviation was...

Glasses or not?

1 February 2014 | | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus | visual development, accommodation, vergence, hyperopia, esotropia

In this excellent review article, the authors discuss how some hyperopes avoid strabismus but also ask why the youngest infants escape strabismus and older patients go on to decompensate. The review considers a number of related aspects and their inter-relations...