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The flexibility of virtual clinics

Virtual clinics in ophthalmology are typically associated with glaucoma and medical retina, where they are now a well-established part of the landscape. The availability of an ophthalmic electronic patient record (EPR) makes the deployment and management of virtual clinics much...

Ocular ischaemic syndrome in a rat model

Ocular Ischaemic syndrome is a devastating eye disease caused by severe carotid stenosis. This study’s purpose was to develop a reliable rat model for this syndrome by subjecting rats to common carotid artery occlusion and sham surgery. Rats were assigned...

Diagnosis and management of orbital vascular malformations

This is an authoritative review of a controversial and difficult clinical area. The authors have experience of over 350 cases and provide a well-structured review of the classification and management of orbital vascular malformations. They emphasise the need to understand...

An unusual case report of bilateral abducens paralysis

In this case report a nine-year-old girl develops bilateral abducens nerve paralysis, caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia is characterised by dilation, tortuosity and marked elongation of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Clinical findings result from the compression and displacement...

A relationship between central serous retinopathy and obstructive sleep apnoea

This prospective study aimed to evaluate a relationship between central serous retinopathy (CSR) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Twenty-three subjects (six female and 17 male) were diagnosed with CSR and overnight polysonography was performed to record desaturation and apnoeic episodes....

Lacquer cracks

The purpose of this Japanese study was to analyse the morphologic features and natural progression patterns of lacquer cracks (LC). The presence of linear hyperfluorescence on the fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was used as the standard for diagnosing the presence...

Cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery

This review covers the history, incidence, diagnosis, risk factors, pathophysiology and medical management of postoperative macular oedema (PCMO), with a particular emphasis on key contemporary studies and novel observations. The authors revisit the incidence of well-established risk factors including intraoperative...

Can the angle of origin of the ophthalmic artery predict embolic trajectory?

A retrospective, comparative case-control study was used to test the hypothesis that a risk factor for retinal versus cerebral infarct is the angular origin of the ophthalmic artery from the internal carotid artery. The study compared one group (n=28) who...

Macular choroidal changes after inferior oblique muscle surgery

This study was undertaken to investigate the retinal neurovasculature, choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index (CVI) changes at the macula at one week, one- and three-month intervals post inferior oblique muscle myectomy. The hypothesis was that, given the close proximity...

The Retina Illustrated

I’ve always liked googling authors of the textbooks we get sent rather than relying on the very obviously bias blurb about them presented in the book. When I got Retina Illustrated I have to admit I was pretty excited to...

Retinal pigment epithelium tears

In this paper the authors review the current knowledge of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears. Although rare these can cause loss of visual acuity. They can occur spontaneously in pigment epithelial detachment (PED) due to occult choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), retinal...