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Transient thickening of the macular retinal nerve fibre layer in acute optic neuritis

Acute optic neuritis (ON) causes axonal degeneration, which can be quantified from the blood by neurofilament protein (Nf) levels. Within about three months, atrophy of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) follows. However, it remains challenging to explain why there...

Does the length of the school day have a role in age of myopia onset?

The authors prospectively collected the refractive data of myopic adults attending recruiting dispensing optician or ophthalmologist sites. Participants were recruited consecutively, giving verbal informed consent. Sites included a mix of urban and rural areas across eight sites. The following data...

Comparison of visual field indices between normal adults and children

The authors present a prospective observational study which aimed to compare visual field indices with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal adults and children. Children aged 6–18 years were recruited from a single...

Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)

Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....

Cortical blindness

Cortical blindness is a rare but recognised entity. Cerebrovascular accident is a well-known risk factor. We report a case of an 84-year-old lady with bilateral cortical blindness with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Case report An 84-year-old lady was admitted under...

Paraproteinaemia: a patient with atypical corneal findings

A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine, with a molecular weight of 22-24 kDa [1]. Detection of Bence Jones protein may be suggestive of multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Multiple...

Avoiding investigations through history taking and examinations to differentiate serious from comparably benign aetiology

*Joint first authors. Introduction Anisocoria can be a sign of neurological deficit, necessitating numerous investigations [1]. This case report explores how expensive and time-consuming investigations can be avoided by thorough history taking and examination to differentiate serious from comparably benign...

Can thou lyse this? A national study of emergency canthotomy and cantholysis

Eighty-two-year old Janet Smith woke up on the floor. Had she been unconscious? Her head hurt. It was the middle of the night, but in the darkness she suddenly wasn’t sure whether she could see out of her right eye....

Myasthenia gravis presenting with isolated ptosis: a poorly studied subgroup

Investigation into the cause of one isolated symptom or sign can be challenging if that particular sign may be caused by a variety of pathological processes, affecting different tissues, and presenting to different specialties. Unilateral ptosis is a case in...

Aug/Sep 2014 Quiz 1

History A 50-year-old female with a history of smoking, weight loss and cough presents to the ophthalmology clinic with a distorted pupil. Examination reveals a mass on the surface and within the iris (see Figure 1). The ophthalmologists decide to...

Quiz Aug/Sep 2022

History A 58-year-old female patient was referred with a 2-year history, gradually enlarging, painless left upper lid lump. There was no bleeding or ulceration. She had no other eye symptoms and no other skin lesions. Her past medical history included:...

Virtual reality pupil assessment software

For Oct/Nov 2021 we review a virtual reality (VR) solution for training and assessing pupil function. Different types of VR exist, and the application described here is used on the Oculus Quest or Pico headsets. The user wears a headset...