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Breakthroughs in the genetics of angle-closure glaucoma

1 April 2017 | | EYE - Glaucoma
Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is not widely known to be a familial condition, yet the recent explosion of genetic data and large scale genome wide investigations have confirmed at least 13 genetic loci associated with ACG [1], and provided some...

Caring for adults with an ocular tumour

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Detection If you screen for an intraocular tumour, dilate the pupil. If the patient is driving, use phenylephrine only. If the patient declines, document this in the casenotes. Don’t forget to look for sentinel vessels, which would indicate a ciliary...

Diabetic retinopathy screening in Belize: a country’s journey towards reducing blindness from DR

1 February 2019 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The rise of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is a public health concern in the Caribbean. The Caribbean Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Programme, managed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and funded by the Queen Elizabeth...

Sexually transmitted conjunctivitis – the REALLY sticky eye

5 October 2020 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
Let’s face it, patients with conjunctivitis don’t always produce the most stimulating consultations and most of the time we can manage them in auto-pilot. The prospect of delving into such a patient’s sexual history is not overly appealing, but this...

Capacity-strengthening for diabetic retinopathy services in low- and middle-income countries

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction DR-NET eye health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have, since 2015, been able to access training in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading provided by Gloucestershire Retinal Education Group (GREG). GREG, led by Professor Peter Scanlon and based at...

Embryology in clinical practice

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

The embryology of the eye

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Nobody claims to like embryology. At least nobody I know. It has been a neglected part of the curriculum since time immemorial and a vicious cycle occurs in which those with an incomplete understanding fail to appreciate the inherent beauty...

Dementia and visual impairment: what is the relationship and are we providing the best care?

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Carla Maden discusses the implications of living with both dementia and visual impairment, and how general medical junior doctors and ophthalmologists can help to alleviate this burden and improve the quality of life of such patients. Dementia and visual impairment...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

15 February 2023 | | EYE - General
*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Non-infectious Uveitis: Well Known, Weird and Wonderful meets You, Me and the Balloons

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Installation view from Manchester International Festival 2023 exhibition Yayoi Kusama: You, Me and the Balloons at Aviva Studios. Images © David Levene. On an uncharacteristically salubrious 5 July 2023, the date of the 75th Anniversary of the UK’s NHS, a...

Identifying life-threatening uveal melanoma: A directed application of general-purpose AI

2 April 2025 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Oncology
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare but aggressive eye cancer, affecting approximately six people per million annually [1]. Uveal melanoma arises in three locations: the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. As the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, UM...

Pathophysiology of diabetic macular oedema: why combination therapy may be better

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase over the years. It is currently estimated that there are 382 million with diabetes worldwide in 2013, and that this figure is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 [1]. In...